Omega‐3 PUFA supplementation and the response to evoked endotoxemia in healthy volunteers. Issue 3 (5th November 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ferguson, Jane F.; Mulvey, Claire K.; Patel, Parth N.; Shah, Rhia Y.; Doveikis, Julia; Zhang, Weiyu; Tabita‐Martinez, Jennifer; Terembula, Karen; Eiden, Michael; Koulman, Albert; Griffin, Julian L.; Mehta, Nehal N.; Shah, Rachana; Propert, Kathleen J.; Song, Wen‐Liang; Reilly, Muredach P.
• Is Part Of: Molecular nutrition & food research. Volume 58:Issue 3(2014:Mar.)
• Page Start: 601
• Page End: 613
• Publication Date: 2013-11-05
• Subjects: Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Food -- Microbiology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food -- Toxicology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; Food Microbiology -- Periodicals; Food Technology -- Periodicals; Molecular Biology -- Periodicals; 664.0705
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300368
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1613-4125

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="mnfr2096-sec-0010" sec-type="section"> <title>Scope</title> <p>Fish oil‐derived <italic>n</italic>‐3 PUFA may improve cardiometabolic health through modulation of innate immunity. However, findings in clinical studies are conflicting. We hypothesized that <italic>n</italic>‐3 PUFA supplementation would dose‐dependently reduce the systemic inflammatory response to experimental endotoxemia in healthy humans.</p> </sec> <sec id="mnfr2096-sec-0020" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods and results</title> <p>The Fenofibrate and omega‐3 Fatty Acid Modulation of Endotoxemia (FFAME) study was an 8‐wk randomized double‐blind trial of placebo or <italic>n</italic>‐3 PUFA supplementation (Lovaza 465 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + 375 mg docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) at "low" (1/day, 900 mg) or "high" (4/day, 3600 mg) dose in healthy individuals (<italic>N</italic> = 60; age 18–45; BMI 18–30; 43% female; 65% European‐, 20% African‐, 15% Asian‐ancestry) before a low‐dose endotoxin challenge (LPS 0.6 ng/kg intravenous bolus). The endotoxemia‐induced temperature increase was significantly reduced with high‐dose (<italic>p</italic> = 0.03) but not low‐dose EPA + DHA compared to placebo. Although there was no statistically significant impact of EPA + DHA on individual inflammatory responses (tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP‐1), IL‐1 receptor agonist (IL‐1RA), IL‐10, C‐reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA)), there was a pattern of lower responses across all biomarkers with high‐dose (nine of nine observed), but not low‐dose EPA + DHA.</p> </sec> <sec id="mnfr2096-sec-0030" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>EPA + DHA at 3600 mg/day, but not 900 mg/day, reduced fever and had a pattern of attenuated LPS induction of plasma inflammatory markers during endotoxemia. Clinically and nutritionally relevant long‐chain <italic>n</italic>‐3 PUFA regimens may have specific, dose‐dependent, anti‐inflammatory actions.</p> </sec> </abstract>