Bronchoscopic assessment of airway involvement in children presenting with clinically significant airway obstruction due to tuberculosis. Issue 10 (31st December 2012)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Goussard, Pierre; Gie, Robert P.; Kling, Sharon; Andronikou, Savvas; Lucas, Susan; Janson, Jacques; Roussouw, Gawie
• Is Part Of: Pediatric pulmonology. Volume 48:Issue 10(2013:Oct.)
• Page Start: 1000
• Page End: 1007
• Publication Date: 2012-12-31
• Subjects: Pediatric respiratory diseases -- Periodicals; Pediatrics -- Periodicals; 618.922
• DOI: 10.1002/ppul.22747
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 8755-6863

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" xml:lang="en"> <title>Abstract</title> <sec id="ppul22747-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Introduction</title> <p>The incidence of complicated lymph node disease in tuberculosis (TB) in children less than 15 years of age varies from 8% to 38%. There are few published studies on the bronchoscopic appearance and severity of airway obstruction caused by lymph node involvement of the airways resulting from <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> (<italic>MTB</italic>). The <italic>primary aim</italic> of the study was to describe the flexible bronchoscopic findings of lymph node involvement of the airways caused by <italic>MTB</italic> in children with severe airway obstruction. The <italic>secondary aim</italic> was to compare the degree of airway involvement in HIV negative to HIV positive children as well the airway involvement caused by drug susceptible and drug resistant <italic>MTB</italic>.</p> </sec> <sec id="ppul22747-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Patients and Methods</title> <p>All children between 1 month and 13 years of age presenting with clinical and radiological signs of significant airway obstruction suspected of being the result of <italic>MTB</italic> infection were studied. In addition to routine examination for <italic>MTB</italic> disease a flexible bronchoscope and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for <italic>MTB</italic> culture were performed on all the children.</p> </sec> <sec id="ppul22747-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>Two hundred fifty children (16% HIV positive) were studied. Median age was 14 months and the median weight 8.5 kg. <italic>MTB</italic> was cultured from 78% (n = 194) of children with the BAL positive in 44%. The BAL culture yield was significantly higher in children with radiological evidence of pneumonia when compared to children with airway involvement alone (<italic>P</italic> = 0.004). The bronchial tree was obstructed on the right in 85% (n = 212), the left in 66% (n = 164), and both sides in 53% (n = 132) of cases. The commonest sites of obstruction were bronchus intermedius (72%) and left main bronchus (62%). Drug resistance was present in 16% (n = 28). There was no difference in the site or severity of obstruction when comparing drug susceptible to drug resistant cases or HIV positive to HIV negative children.</p> </sec> <sec id="ppul22747-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusions</title> <p>Bronchus intermedius and left main bronchus were the commonest sites of airway obstruction. The <italic>MTB</italic> culture yield from BAL was higher in children with pneumonia when compared to those with airway involvement alone. HIV positive or children with drug resistant TB did not have more severe airway obstruction. <bold>Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1000–1007.</bold> © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </sec> </abstract>