Early prenatal exposure to air pollution and its associations with birth defects in a state‐wide birth cohort from North Carolina. Issue 10 (29th July 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Vinikoor‐Imler, Lisa C.; Davis, J. Allen; Meyer, Robert E.; Luben, Thomas J.
• Is Part Of: Birth defects research. Volume 97:Issue 10(2013:Oct.)
• Page Start: 696
• Page End: 701
• Publication Date: 2013-07-29
• Subjects: Teratology -- Periodicals; Abnormalities, Human -- Research -- Periodicals; Abnormalities, Human -- Periodicals; 616.043
• DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23159
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1542-0752

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="bdra23159-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>BACKGROUND</title> <p>Few studies have examined the potential relationship between air pollution and birth defects. The objective of this study was to investigate whether maternal exposure to particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) during pregnancy is associated with birth defects among women living throughout North Carolina.</p> </sec> <sec id="bdra23159-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>METHODS</title> <p>Information on maternal and infant characteristics was obtained from North Carolina birth certificates and health service data (2003–2005) and linked with information on birth defects from the North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program. The 24‐hr PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> concentrations were estimated using a hierarchical Bayesian model of air pollution generated by combining modeled air pollution predictions from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Community Multi‐Scale Air Quality model with air monitor data from the Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System. Maternal residence was geocoded and assigned pollutant concentrations averaged over weeks 3 to 8 of gestation. Binomial regression was performed and adjusted for potential confounders.</p> </sec> <sec id="bdra23159-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>RESULTS</title> <p>No association was observed between either PM<sub>2.5</sub> or O<sub>3</sub> concentrations and most birth defects. Positive effect estimates were observed between air pollution and microtia/anotia and lower limb deficiency defects, but the 95% confidence intervals were wide and included the null.</p> </sec> <sec id="bdra23159-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>CONCLUSION</title> <p>Overall, this study suggested a possible relationship between air pollution concentration during early pregnancy and certain birth defects (e.g., microtia/anotia, lower limb deficiency defects), although this study did not have the power to detect such an association. The risk for most birth defects does not appear to be affected by ambient air pollution. <italic>Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:696–701, 2013</italic>. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </sec> </abstract>