Caring about prognosis: A validation study of the caring criteria to identify hospitalized patients at high risk for death at 1 year. Issue 12 (13th November 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Youngwerth, Jeanie; Min, Sung‐joon; Statland, Barbara; Allyn, Rebecca; Fischer, Stacy
• Is Part Of: Journal of hospital medicine. Volume 8:Issue 12(2013)
• Page Start: 696
• Page End: 701
• Publication Date: 2013-11-13
• Subjects: Hospital care -- Periodicals; Clinical medicine -- Periodicals; 610
• DOI: 10.1002/jhm.2107
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1553-5592

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="jhm2107-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>BACKGROUND</title> <p>Identifying patients, at the time of hospital admission, who are at high risk for 1‐year mortality is an ideal opportunity to introduce palliative interventions into the hospital care plan. The CARING (C = primary diagnosis of cancer, A = ≥2 admissions to the hospital for a chronic illness within the last year; R = resident in a nursing home; I = intensive care unit admission with multiorgan failure, NG = noncancer hospice guidelines [meeting ≥2 of the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization's guidelines] criteria is a practical prognostic index developed and validated in the Veteran's Administration hospital setting that identifies patients at high risk of death within 1 year, although its effectiveness in a broader patient population is unknown.</p> </sec> <sec id="jhm2107-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> <p>To validate the CARING criteria in a university and safety‐net hospital setting.</p> </sec> <sec id="jhm2107-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>DESIGN</title> <p>Retrospective observational cohort study.</p> </sec> <sec id="jhm2107-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>SETTING</title> <p>Inpatient.</p> </sec> <sec id="jhm2107-sec-0005" sec-type="section"> <title>PATIENTS</title> <p>Adults admitted to medical and surgical inpatient services during the study period of July 2005 through August 2005.</p> </sec> <sec id="jhm2107-sec-0006" sec-type="section"> <title>MEASUREMENTS</title> <p>Mortality at 1 year following the index hospitalization was the primary end point. The CARING criteria were abstracted from the chart using only medical data available at time of admission.</p> </sec> <sec id="jhm2107-sec-0007" sec-type="section"> <title>RESULTS</title> <p>At total of 1064 patients were admitted during the study period. Primary diagnosis of cancer (odds ratio [OR) = 7.23 [4.45‐11.75]), intensive care unit admission with multiple organ failure (OR = 6.97 [2.75‐17.68]), >2 noncancer hospice guidelines (OR = 15.55 [7.28–33.23]), and age (OR = 1.60 [1.32‐1.93]) were predictive of 1‐year mortality (C statistic = 0.79). One‐year survival was significantly lower for those who met ≥1 of the CARING criteria.</p> </sec> <sec id="jhm2107-sec-0008" sec-type="section"> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> <p>The CARING criteria are a practical prognostic tool validated in a broad inpatient population that can be utilized on hospital admission to estimate risk of death in 1 year, with the goal of identifying patients who may benefit most from incorporating palliative interventions into their hospital plan of care. <italic>Journal of Hospital Medicine</italic> 2013;8:696–701. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine</p> </sec> </abstract>