Transdermal delivery of diclofenac using water-in-oil microemulsion: formulation and mechanistic approach of drug skin permeation. (May 2014)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Thakkar, Priyanka J.; Madan, Parshotam; Lin, Senshang
• Is Part Of: Pharmaceutical development and technology. Volume 19:Number 3(2014)
• Page Start: 373
• Page End: 384
• Publication Date: 2014-05
• Subjects: Drug delivery systems -- Periodicals; Pharmaceutical technology -- Periodicals; Drugs -- Administration -- Research -- Periodicals; Drug Delivery Systems -- Periodicals; Pharmaceutical Preparations -- Periodicals; Technology, Pharmaceutical -- Periodicals; 615
• DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.788658
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1083-7450

Abstract

<abstract> <title>Abstract</title> <p>The objective of the present investigation was to enhance skin permeation of diclofenac using water-in-oil microemulsion and to elucidate its skin permeation mechanism. The w/o microemulsion formulations were selected based on constructed pseudoternary phase diagrams depending on water solubilization capacity and thermodynamic stability. These formulations were also subjected to physical characterization based on droplet size, viscosity, pH and conductivity. Permeation of diclofenac across rat skin using side-by-side permeation cells from selected w/o microemulsion formulations were evaluated and compared with control formulations. The selected w/o microemulsion formulations were thermodynamically stable, and incorporation of diclofenac sodium into microemulsion did not affect the phase behavior of system. All microemulsion formulations had very low viscosity (11–17 cps) and droplet size range of 30–160 nm. Microemulsion formulations exhibited statistically significant increase in diclofenac permeation compared to oily solution, aqueous solution and oil–S<sub>mix</sub> solution. Higher skin permeation of diclofenac was observed with low S<sub>mix</sub> concentration and smaller droplet size. Increase in diclofenac loading in aqueous phase decreased the partition of diclofenac. Diclofenac from the oil phase of microemulsion could directly partition into skin, while diclofenac from the aqueous droplets was carried through skin by carrier effect.</p> </abstract>