Hagfish phylogeny and taxonomy, with description of the new genus Rubicundus (Craniata, Myxinidae). (19th July 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Fernholm, Bo; Norén, Michael; Kullander, Sven O.; Quattrini, Andrea M.; Zintzen, Vincent; Roberts, Clive D.; Mok, Hin‐Kiu; Kuo, Chien‐Hsien
• Is Part Of: Journal of zoological systematics and evolutionary research. Volume 51:Number 4(2013:Nov.)
• Page Start: 296
• Page End: 307
• Publication Date: 2013-07-19
• Subjects: Animals -- Classification -- Periodicals; Zoology -- Periodicals; Evolution -- Periodicals; 578.012
• DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12035
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0947-5745

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="jzs12035-abs-0001"> <title>Abstract</title> <p>A recent phylogenetic analysis of the Myxinidae based on the <italic>16S </italic>rRNA gene resulted in synonymization of <italic>Paramyxine</italic> with <italic>Eptatretus</italic>. This created homonymy of <italic>Paramyxine fernholmi</italic> with <italic>Eptatretus fernholmi</italic> and <italic>Paramyxine wisneri</italic> with <italic>Eptatretus wisneri</italic>. In order to resolve this nomenclatural dilemma, we made a more extensive phylogenetic assessment of the Myxinidae and examined the nomenclature of the family. We used 75 sequences (37 of which new for this study) of a 561 bp fragment of the <italic>16S </italic>rRNA gene, representing 33 species, and 72 sequences (37 of which new for this study) of a 687 bp fragment of the <italic>cytochrome c oxidase subunit I</italic> (<italic>COI</italic>) gene, representing 23 species, to reconstruct the phylogeny of Myxinidae. The monophyly of the subfamily Myxininae, traditionally characterized by having a single pair of external gill openings, was rejected (0.50 Bayesian posterior probability) by the <italic>16S</italic> analysis, but supported by the <italic>COI</italic> and combined <italic>COI</italic>+<italic>16S</italic> analyses (0.99 and 0.81 Bpp, respectively). The monophyly of the subfamily Eptatretinae, characterized by having several pairs of external gill openings, was not supported by the <italic>16S</italic> analysis and rejected by the <italic>COI</italic> and combined <italic>COI</italic>+<italic>16S</italic> analysis due to the placement of <italic>Eptatretus lopheliae</italic> as the earliest branch of Myxinidae (0.71 and 0.57 Bpp, respectively). <italic>Eptatretus lopheliae</italic> and <italic>Eptatretus rubicundus</italic> formed a monophyletic group and were allocated to a new genus, <italic>Rubicundus</italic>, characterized by the presence of an elongated tubular nostril and reddish coloration. A new monotypic subfamily, Rubicundinae, was proposed for <italic>Rubicundus</italic>. The synonymy of the genera <italic>Paramyxine</italic> and <italic>Quadratus</italic> with <italic>Eptatretus</italic> was confirmed. <italic>E. fernholmi</italic> is renamed <italic>Eptatretus luzonicus. Eptatretus wisneri</italic> was renamed <italic>Eptatretus bobwisneri. Petromyzon cirrhatus</italic> Forster, 1801, <italic>Homea banksii</italic> Fleming, 1822, and <italic>Bdellostoma forsteri</italic> Müller, 1836 are synonyms, but no type specimens are known to exist. <italic>Petromyzon cirrhatus</italic> was designated as type species of <italic>Eptatretus</italic>, conserving present usage. <italic>Gastrobranchus dombeyi</italic> Shaw, 1804 has priority over other names for Chilean myxinids. <italic>Bdellostoma stoutii</italic> was designated as type species of <italic>Polistotrema</italic> Gill. The validity of the Western Atlantic <italic>Myxine limosa</italic> as distinct from the Eastern Atlantic <italic>Myxine glutinosa</italic> was confirmed.</p> </abstract>