What determines skin sensitization potency–myths, maybes and realities. Part 1. The 500 molecular weight cut‐off. (25th August 2012) - Roberts, David W.
Abstract Background. It is widely accepted that there is a molecular weight (MW) cut‐off of 500, such that single chemicals with MWs higher than 500 cannot be skin sensitizers. If true, this could serve as a useful principle for designing non‐sensitizing chemicals. Objectives. To assess whether the 500 MW cut‐off is a myth or a reality. Methods. A database of 699 chemicals tested for skin sensitization in guinea pigs or mice was analysed to establish the number of tested chemicals with MW > 500, and to establish whether any of these were sensitizers. Results. Only 13 (2%) of the 699 chemicals in the database have MW > 500. Of the 13 tested compounds with MW > 500 in the database, five are sensitizers and eight are non‐sensitizers. Conclusions. The 500 MW cut‐off for skin sensitization is a myth, probably derived from the widespread misconception that ability to efficiently penetrate the stratum corneum is a key determinant of sensitization potency. The scarcity of sensitizers with MW > 500 simply reflects the general scarcity of chemicals with MW > 500.