Pathogen Recognition Receptors: Ligands and Signaling Pathways by Toll-Like Receptors. (16th April 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sasai, Miwa; Yamamoto, Masahiro
• Is Part Of: International reviews of immunology. Volume 32:Number 2(2013:Apr.)
• Page Start: 116
• Page End: 133
• Publication Date: 2013-04-16
• Subjects: Immunology -- Periodicals; Autoimmune diseases -- Periodicals; 616.079
• DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.774391
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0883-0185

Abstract

<abstract> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <p>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in host defense against microbes. In the past decade, growing numbers of <italic>in vitro</italic>, <italic>in vivo</italic> and <italic>in silico</italic> studies have been performed and revealed the physiological significance and structural basis of their ligands and signal transduction, which involves various extracellular, membrane-bound, cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling molecules for the activation of TLR signaling. However, negative regulation of TLR-mediated responses is also essential for the prevention of autoimmunity and is mediated by a number of molecules. In this review, we will introduce recent advances in the understanding of TLR biology in terms of their ligands and signaling pathways.</p> </abstract>