Androgen deprivation therapy: evidence‐based management of side effects. (25th January 2013)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ahmadi, Hamed; Daneshmand, Siamak
• Is Part Of: BJU international. Volume 111:Number 4(2013:Feb.)
• Page Start: 543
• Page End: 548
• Publication Date: 2013-01-25
• Subjects: Genitourinary organs -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Genitourinary organs -- Surgery -- Periodicals; Urology -- Periodicals; 616.6
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11774.x
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1464-4096

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main"> <title> <x xml:space="preserve">Abstract</x> </title> <sec id="bju11774-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?</title> <p> <list id="bju11774-list-0001" list-type="bullet"> <list-item> <p>The benefits of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are well recognized and a multitude of studies have documented the benefits of ADT in conjunction with other therapies. Given the widespread use of ADT due to its important clinical implications, it is imperative that clinicians understand the side effects to limit treatment‐related morbidity. There are numerous well recognized adverse effects of ADT, including vasomotor flushing, loss of libido and impotence, fatigue, gynaecomastia, anaemia, osteoporosis and metabolic complications, as well as effects on cardiovascular health and bone density.</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p>Present study focuses on the most recent evidence‐based treatment options for various side effects of ADT.</p> </list-item> </list> </p> </sec> <sec id="bju11774-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Objective</title> <p> <list id="bju11774-list-0002" list-type="bullet"> <list-item> <p>To familiarize clinicians with the various side effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The present study focuses on the most recent evidence‐based treatment strategies for the common side effects of ADT.</p> </list-item> </list> </p> </sec> <sec id="bju11774-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p> <list id="bju11774-list-0003" list-type="bullet"> <list-item> <p>A PubMed database search was conducted from 2000 to 2012.</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p>All prospective clinical studies were selected, including randomized and non‐randomized clinical trials, as well as meta‐analysis studies concerning preventive and therapeutic interventions for various side effects of ADT.</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p>'The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence' classification system for treatment benefits was used to categorize selected studies.</p> </list-item> </list> </p> </sec> <sec id="bju11774-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p> <list id="bju11774-list-0004" list-type="bullet"> <list-item> <p>Gabapentin shows moderate efficacy for the long‐term treatment of hot flashes in a dose‐dependent manner.</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p>A combined resistance/aerobic exercise programme leads to significant improvement in fatigue, sexual function and cognitive function. A home‐based/group exercise programme also improves fatigue and unfavourable metabolic changes.</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p>Denosumab increases lumbar spine, hip and radius bone mass density, and also reduces the risk of vertebral fractures in men receiving ADT for non‐metastatic prostate cancer.</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p>Metformin coupled with lifestyle intervention is a safe, well‐tolerated intervention for adverse metabolic changes. Toremifene improves the lipid profile.</p> </list-item> <list-item> <p>Intermittent ADT improves early side effects, such as hot flashes, sexual activity, fatigue, and quality of life, although its effect on long‐term side effects remains inconclusive.</p> </list-item> </list> </p> </sec> <sec id="bju11774-sec-0005" sec-type="section"> <title>Conclusion</title> <p> <list id="bju11774-list-0005" list-type="bullet"> <list-item> <p>Despite significant improvement in management strategies for the side effects of ADT, the best way of preventing side effects is to use ADT only when it is absolutely indicated.</p> </list-item> </list> </p> </sec> </abstract>