Biogeography of Trimerotropis pallidipennis (Acrididae: Oedipodinae): deep divergence across the Americas. (27th November 2012)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Husemann, Martin; Guzman, Noelia Verónica; Danley, Patrick D.; Cigliano, Maria Marta; Confalonieri, Viviana Andrea; Ebach, Malte
• Is Part Of: Journal of biogeography. Volume 40:Number 2(2013:Feb.)
• Page Start: 261
• Page End: 273
• Publication Date: 2012-11-27
• Subjects: Biogeography -- Periodicals; 578.09
• DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12007
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0305-0270

Abstract

<abstract abstract-type="main" id="jbi12007-abs-0001"> <title>Abstract</title> <sec id="jbi12007-sec-0001" sec-type="section"> <title>Aim</title> <p> <italic>Trimerotropis pallidipennis</italic> represents a species complex of band‐winged grasshopper distributed over North and South America. Previous studies indicated a North American origin of the species and suggested that colonization of South America occurred during the Pleistocene after the closure of the Isthmus of Panama. Here we use a phylogeographical approach in order to test different biogeographical scenarios and determine how many distinct units exist within the species complex.</p> </sec> <sec id="jbi12007-sec-0002" sec-type="section"> <title>Location</title> <p>North and South America with specific emphasis on the Andes mountains of South America.</p> </sec> <sec id="jbi12007-sec-0003" sec-type="section"> <title>Methods</title> <p>We sequenced two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes for multiple specimens belonging to each taxonomic unit. Using the concatenated dataset and a coalescent‐based approach we estimated the phylogeny of the complex. In order to distinguish the different biogeographical and species delimitation hypotheses we constrained our dataset to different taxon sets and ran Bayesian analyses in *<sc>beast</sc>. Posterior probabilities and <sc>DensiTree</sc> plots allowed us to determine the best hypotheses. We used a molecular clock approach to correlate geological events with observed phylogenetic splits.</p> </sec> <sec id="jbi12007-sec-0004" sec-type="section"> <title>Results</title> <p>All analyses indicate the existence of at least three distinct genetic lineages: <italic>Trimerotropis pallidipennis</italic> from North America, <italic>Trimerotropis ochraceipennis</italic> from Chile and an undescribed <italic>Trimerotropis</italic> species from Argentina. The split between North and South American forms took place about 1.3 Ma, long after the Isthmus of Panama had been completed. Biogeographical analyses suggest a first dispersal event from North to South America. Subsequent dispersion and vicariance probably led to the differentiation of the endemics now found in Chile and Argentina.</p> </sec> <sec id="jbi12007-sec-0005" sec-type="section"> <title>Main conclusions</title> <p>We demonstrate the existence of three distinct genetic lineages in the <italic>Trimerotropis pallidipennis</italic> species complex. These lineages are also chromosomally differentiated as previous studies have indicated. Dispersion of <italic>T. pallidipennis</italic> from North to South America probably occurred during the early Pleistocene, when climatic conditions were more suitable. Subsequent diversification in South America was the result of range expansion and vicariance, possibly in response to later Pleistocene glaciations of the Andes.</p> </sec> </abstract>