Noise and vibration analysis : signal analysis and experimental procedures /: signal analysis and experimental procedures. (2023)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Anders Brandt.
• Authors: Brandt, Anders
• Contents: About the authors Preface Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations 21 List of Symbols 23 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Noise and Vibration 1 1.2 Noise and Vibration Analysis 2 1.3 Application Areas 3 1.4 Analysis of Noise and Vibrations 4 1.4.1 Experimental Analysis 5 1.5 Standards 5 1.6 Becoming a Noise and Vibration Analysis Expert 5 1.6.1 The Virtue of Simulation 6 1.6.2 Learning Tools and the Format of This Book 6 2 Dynamic Signals and Systems 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Periodic Signals 11 2.2.1 Sine Waves 11 2.2.2 Complex Sines 11 2.2.3 Interacting Sines 13 2.2.4 Orthogonality of Sines 15 2.3 Random Signals 16 2.4 Transient Signals 17 2.5 RMS Value and Power 18 2.6 Linear Systems 19 2.6.1 The Laplace Transform 20 2.6.2 The Transfer Function 24 2.6.3 The Impulse Response 25 2.6.4 Convolution 26 2.7 The Continuous Fourier Transform 29 2.7.1 Characteristics of the Fourier Transform 32 2.7.2 The Frequency Response 34 2.7.3 Relationship Between the Laplace and Frequency Domains 35 2.7.4 Transient Versus Steady-State Response 35 2.8 Chapter Summary 37 2.9 Problems 38 References 39 3 Time Data Analysis 41 3.1 Introduction to Discrete Signals 41 3.1.1 Discrete Convolution 42 3.2 The Sampling Theorem 42 3.2.1 Aliasing 44 3.2.2 Discrete Representation of Analog Signals 45 3.2.3 Interpolation and Resampling 46 3.3 Filters 50 3.3.1 Analog Filters 51 3.3.2 Digital Filters 53 3.3.3 Smoothing Filters 55 3.3.4 Acoustic Octave Filters 55 3.3.5 Analog RMS Integration 57 3.3.6 Frequency Weighting Filters 58 3.4 Time Series Analysis 59 3.4.1 Min- and Max-analysis 60 3.4.2 Time Data Integration 60 3.4.3 Time Data Differentiation 65 3.4.4 FFT-based Processing 68 3.5 Chapter Summary 68 3.6 Problems 70 References 71 4 Statistics and Random Processes 73 4.1 Introduction to the Use of Statistics 73 4.1.1 Ensemble and Time Averages 74 4.1.2 Stationarity and Ergodicity 74 4.2 Random Theory 75 4.2.1 Expected Value 75 4.2.2 Errors in Estimates 75 4.2.3 Probability Distribution 76 4.2.4 Probability Density 77 4.2.5 Histogram 77 4.2.6 Sample Probability Density Estimate 78 4.2.7 Average Value and Variance 78 4.2.8 Central Moments 80 4.2.9 Skewness 80 4.2.10 Kurtosis 81 4.2.11 Crest Factor 81 4.2.12 Correlation Functions 82 4.2.13 The Gaussian Probability Distribution 83 4.3 Statistical Methods 85 4.3.1 Hypothesis Tests 85 4.3.2 Test of Normality 88 4.3.3 Test of Stationarity 89 Frame statistics 89 The reverse arrangements test 90 The runs test 93 4.4 Quality Assessment of Measured Signals 94 4.5 Chapter Summary 96 4.6 Problems 98 References 98 5 Fundamental Mechanics 99 5.1 Newton’s Laws 99 5.2 The Single Degree-of-freedom System (SDOF) 100 5.2.1 The Transfer Function 101 5.2.2 The Impulse Response 102 5.2.3 The Frequency Response 104 5.2.4 The Q-factor 107 5.2.5 SDOF Forced Response 108 5.3 Alternative Quantities for Describing Motion 108 5.4 Frequency Response Plot Formats 109 5.4.1 Magnitude and Phase 111 5.4.2 Real and Imaginary Parts 114 5.4.3 The Nyquist Plot – Imaginary vs. Real Part 114 5.5 Determining Natural Frequency and Damping Ratio 117 5.5.1 Peak in the Magnitude of FRF 117 5.5.2 Peak in the Imaginary Part of FRF 117 5.5.3 Resonance Bandwidth (3 dB Bandwidth) 118 5.5.4 Circle in the Nyquist Plot 118 5.6 Rotating Mass 119 5.7 Some Comments on Damping 120 5.7.1 Hysteretic Damping 121 5.8 Models Based on SDOF Approximations 121 5.8.1 Vibration Isolation 122 5.8.2 Resonance Frequency and Stiffness Approximations 124 5.9 The Two-degree-of-freedom System (2DOF) 125 5.10 The Tuned Damper 128 5.11 Chapter Summary 129 5.12 Problems 131 References 132 6 Modal Analysis Theory 133 6.1 Waves on a String 133 6.2 Matrix Formulations 135 6.2.1 Degree-of-freedom 135 6.3 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors 136 6.3.1 Undamped System 136 6.3.2 Mode Shape Orthogonality 140 6.3.3 Modal Coordinates 141 6.3.4 Proportional Damping 143 6.3.5 General Damping 145 6.4 Frequency Response of MDOF Systems 149 6.4.1 Frequency Response from [M], [C], [K] 149 6.4.2 Frequency Response from Modal Parameters 150 6.4.3 Frequency Response from [M], [K], and _ – Modal Damping 155 6.4.4 Mode Shape Scaling 155 6.4.5 The Effect of Node Lines on FRFs 157 6.4.6 Antiresonance 158 6.4.7 Impulse Response of MDOF Systems 158 6.5 Free Decays 158 6.6 Chapter Summary 159 6.7 Problems 161 References 162 7 Transducers for Noise and Vibration Analysis 163 7.1 The Piezoelectric Effect 163 7.2 The Charge Amplifier 164 7.3 Transducers with Built-In Impedance Converters, ‘IEPE’ 165 7.3.1 Low-frequency Characteristics 167 7.3.2 High-frequency Characteristics 168 7.3.3 Transducer Electronic Data Sheet, TEDS 168 7.4 The Piezoelectric Accelerometer 169 7.4.1 Frequency Characteristics 170 7.4.2 Mounting Accelerometers 172 7.4.3 Electrical Noise 172 7.4.4 Choosing an Accelerometer 173 7.5 The Piezoelectric Force Transducer 174 7.6 The Impedance Head 176 7.7 The Impulse Hammer 177 7.8 Accelerometer Calibration 177 7.9 Measurement Microphones 178 7.10 Microphone Calibration 180 7.11 The Geophone 180 7.12 MEMS-Based Sensors 181 7.13 Shakers for Structure Excitation 181 7.14 Some Comments on Measurement Procedures 183 7.15 Problems 184 References 185 8 Frequency Analysis Theory 187 8.1 Periodic Signals – The Fourier Series 187 8.2 Spectra of Periodic Signals 189 8.2.1 Frequency and Time 190 8.3 Random Processes 190 8.3.1 Spectra of Random Processes 191 8.4 Transient Signals 193 8.5 Interpretation of spectra 194 8.6 Chapter Summary 196 8.7 Problems 197 References 197 9 Experimental Frequency Analysis 199 9.1 Frequency Analysis Principles 199 9.1.1 Nonparametric Frequency Analysis 200 9.2 Octave and Third-octave Band Spectra 201 9.2.1 Time Constants 201 9.2.2 Real-time Versus Serial Measurements 202 9.3 The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) 202 9.3.1 The Fast Fourier Transform, FFT 204 9.3.2 The DFT in Short 205 9.3.3 The Basis of the DFT 205 9.3.4 Periodicity of the DFT 207 9.3.5 Properties of the DFT 209 9.3.6 Relation Between DFT and Continuous Spectrum 210 9.3.7 Leakage 211 9.3.8 The Picket-fence Effect 214 9.3.9 Time Windows for Periodic Signals 215 Amplitude correction of window effects 217 Power correction of window effects 217 Comparison of common windows 219 Frequency resolution 223 9.3.10 Time Windows for Random Signals 223</
• Edition: Second edition
• Publisher Details: Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2023
• Extent: 1 online resource (656 pages), illustrations
• Subjects: 620.3; Signal processing; Modal analysis; Vibration -- Measurement; Sound analyzers
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781118962152
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
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