An introduction to sonar systems engineering. (2022)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Lawrence J. Ziomek.
• Authors: Ziomek, Lawrence J
• Contents: Contents; Preface to the Second Edition xv; Preface from the First Edition xvii; 1 Complex Aperture Theory – Volume Apertures – General Results 1; 1.1 Coupling Transmitted and Received Electrical Signals to the; Fluid Medium 1; 1.1.1 Transmit Coupling Equation 1; 1.1.2 Receive Coupling Equation 4; 1.2 The Near-Field Beam Pattern of a Volume Aperture 6; 1.2.1 Transmit Aperture 6; Example 1.2-1 19; 1.2.2 Receive Aperture 21; 1.3 The Far-Field Beam Pattern of a Volume Aperture 28; 1.3.1 Transmit Aperture 28; Example 1.3-1 31; 1.3.2 Receive Aperture 33; Example 1.3-2 34; Problems 35; Appendix 1A 36; Appendix 1B Important Functions and Their Units at a Transmit and; Receive Volume Aperture 39; 2 Complex Aperture Theory – Linear Apertures 41; 2.1 The Far-Field Beam Pattern of a Linear Aperture 41; 2.2 Amplitude Windows and Corresponding Far-Field Beam Patterns 44; 2.2.1 The Rectangular Amplitude Window 45; 2.2.2 The Triangular Amplitude Window 48; 2.2.3 The Cosine Amplitude Window 52; 2.2.4 The Hanning, Hamming, and Blackman Amplitude Windows 57; 2.3 Beamwidth 63; Example 2.3-1 Vertical Beam Pattern 66; Example 2.3-2 Horizontal Beam Pattern 67; Example 2.3-3 68; 2.4 Beam Steering 70; 2.5 Beamwidth at an Arbitrary Beam-Steer Angle 73; 2.6 The Near-Field Beam Pattern of a Linear Aperture 81; 2.6.1 Aperture Focusing 84; 2.6.2 Beam Steering and Aperture Focusing 85; Problems 86; viii Contents; Appendix 2A Transmitter and Receiver Sensitivity Functions of a; Continuous Line Transducer 90; Appendix 2B Radiation from a Linear Aperture 92; Example 2B-1 Transmitter Sensitivity Function and; Source Strength of a Continuous Line Source 95; Appendix 2C Symmetry Properties and Far-Field Beam Patterns 98; Appendix 2D Computing the Normalization Factor 100; Appendix 2E Summary of One-Dimensional Spatial Fourier; Transforms 102; 3 Complex Aperture Theory – Planar Apertures 103; 3.1 The Far-Field Beam Pattern of a Planar Aperture 103; 3.2 The Far-Field Beam Pattern of a Rectangular Piston 106; Example 3.2-1 3-dB Beamwidths of the Vertical Far-Field; Beam Patterns of a Rectangular Piston 110; 3.3 The Far-Field Beam Pattern of a Circular Piston 111; Example 3.3-1 3-dB Beamwidth of the Vertical Far-Field; Beam Pattern of a Circular Piston 117; 3.4 Beam Steering 120; 3.5 The Near-Field Beam Pattern of a Planar Aperture 122; 3.5.1 Beam Steering and Aperture Focusing 125; Problems 126; Appendix 3A Transmitter and Receiver Sensitivity Functions of a; Planar Transducer 129; Appendix 3B Radiation from a Planar Aperture 132; Example 3B-1 Transmitter Sensitivity Function and; Source Strength of a Planar Transducer 135; Appendix 3C Computing the Normalization Factor 138; 4 Time-Average Radiated Acoustic Power 141; 4.1 Directivity and Directivity Index 141; 4.2 The Source Level of a Directional Sound-Source 148; Problems 154; 5 Side-Looking Sonar 157; 5.1 Swath Width 157; 5.2 Cross-Track (Slant-Range) Resolution 163; 5.3 Along-Track (Azimuthal) Resolution 165; 5.4 Slant-Range Ambiguity 169; 5.5 Azimuthal Ambiguity 172; 5.6 A Rectangular-Piston Model for a Side-Looking Sonar 175; 5.7 Design and Analysis of a Side-Looking Sonar Mission 176; 5.7.1 Deep Water 176; Example 5.7-1 Deep Water Mission 180; Contents ix; 5.7.2 Shallow Water 183; Problems 188; 6 Array Theory – Linear Arrays 191; 6.1 The Far-Field Beam Pattern of a Linear Array 191; 6.1.1 Even Number of Elements 192; Example 6.1-1 Two-Element Interferometer 198; Example 6.1-2 Dipole 200; Example 6.1-3 Cardioid Beam Pattern 203; 6.1.2 Odd Number of Elements 207; Example 6.1-4 Axial Quadrupole 212; 6.2 Common Amplitude Weights and Corresponding Far-Field; Beam Patterns 215; Example 6.2-1 Application of the Product Theorem 218; Example 6.2-2 Closed-Form Expression for the Array Factor for; Rectangular Amplitude Weights when N is Even 221; 6.3 Dolph-Chebyshev Amplitude Weights 222; Example 6.3-1 228; 6.4 The Phased Array – Beam Steering 231; Example 6.4-1 Steering the Null of a Dipole 233; 6.5 Far-Field Beam Patterns and the Spatial Discrete Fourier Transform 235; 6.5.1 Grating Lobes 239; Example 6.5-1 Spatial-Domain Sampling Theorem 243; 6.6 The Near-Field Beam Pattern of a Linear Array 247; 6.6.1 Beam Steering and Array Focusing 250; Example 6.6-1 Beam Steering and Focusing in the; Fresnel (Near-Field) Region 251; Problems 257; Appendix 6A Normalization Factor for the Array Factor for N Even; and Odd 261; Appendix 6B Transmitter and Receiver Sensitivity Functions of an; Omnidirectional Point-Element 264; Appendix 6C Radiation from an Omnidirectional Point-Source 266; Appendix 6D One-Dimensional Spatial FIR Filters 271; Appendix 6E Far-Field Beam Patterns and the Spatial Discrete; Fourier Transform for N Even 273; 7 Array Gain 277; 7.1 General Definition of Array Gain for a Linear Array 277; 7.2 Acoustic Field Radiated by a Target 281; 7.3 Total Output Signal from a Linear Array Due to the Target 287; 7.3.1 FFT Beamforming for Linear Arrays 298; 7.4 Total Output Signal from a Linear Array Due to Ambient Noise and; Receiver Noise 304; x Contents; 7.5 Evaluation of the Equation for Array Gain 307; Problems 312; Appendix 7A Attenuation Coefficient of Seawater 313; Appendix 7B Fourier Transform, Fourier Series Coefficients; Time-Average Power, and Power Spectrum via the DFT 315; 8 Array Theory – Planar Arrays 319; 8.1 The Far-Field Beam Pattern of a Planar Array 319; Example 8.1-1 Planar Array of Rectangular Pistons 324; Example 8.1-2 Planar Array of Circular Pistons 326; Example 8.1-3 Separable Complex Weights 328; Example 8.1-4 Tesseral Quadrupole 329; Example 8.1-5 Mainlobe in a Half-Space 333; Example 8.1-6 Concentric Circular Arrays 337; Example 8.1-7 Triplet – Cardioid Beam Pattern 340; Example 8.1-8 Linear Array in a Plane 345; 8.2 The Phased Array – Beam Steering 347; Example 8.2-1 Twin-Line Planar Array 350; 8.3 Far-Field Beam Patterns and the Two-Dimensional Spatial; Discrete Fourier Transform 357; 8.4 The Near-Field Beam Pattern of a Planar Array 362; 8.4.1 Beam Steering and Array Focusing 364; 8.5 FFT Beamforming for Planar Arrays 366; Problems 375; Appendix 8A Two-Dimensional Spatial FIR Filters 378; Appendix 8B Normalization Factor for the Array Factor 379; 9 Array Theory – Volume Arrays 381; 9.1 The Far-Field Beam Pattern of a Cylindrical Array 381; 9.1.1 The Phased Array – Beam Steering 387; Example 9.1-1 Beam Steering the Far-Field Beam Pattern; of a Stave 389; Example 9.1-2 Linear Array of Triplets 393; 9.2 The Far-Field Beam Pattern of a Spherical Array 400; 9.2.1 The Phased Array – Beam Steering 404; Problems 405; 10 Bistatic Scattering 409; 10.1 Target Strength 409; 10.2 Computing the Scattering Function of an Object 421; 10.3 Direct Path 424; 10.4 Sonar Equations 426; 10.4.1 Scattered Path 426; 10.4.2 Direct Path 437; Contents xi; 10.5 Broadband Solutions 442; 10.5.1 Scattered Path 442; 10.5.2 Direct Path 446; 10.6 A Statistical Model of the Scattering Function 448; 10.7 Moving Platforms 456; 10.7.1 Scattered Path 456; Example 10.7-1 464; 10.7.2
• Edition: Second edition
• Publisher Details: Boca Raton : CRC Press
• Publication Date: 2022
• Extent: 1 online resource, illustrations (black and white, and colour)
• Subjects: 621.3895; Sonar
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781000617887; 9781000617863; 9781003259640
• Related ISBNs: 9781032190037
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
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