Liquid crystal displays : addressing schemes and electro-optical effects.: addressing schemes and electro-optical effects. (2022)

• Record Type: Book
• Authors: Lueder, Ernst, 1932-; Knoll, Peter; (Physicist), Lee, Seung Hee
• Other Names: Lueder, Ernst, 1932-
• Contents: Series Editor's Preface to the Third Edition Foreword to the Second Edition Preface to the Third Edition Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition About the Authors 1 Introduction 1 2 Liquid Crystal Materials and Liquid Crystal Cells 3 2.1 Properties of Liquid Crystals 3 2.1.1 Shape and phases of liquid crystals 3 2.1.2 Material properties of anisotropic liquid crystals 6 2.2 The Operation of a Twisted Nematic LCD 11 2.2.1 The electro-optical effects in transmissive twisted nematic LC cells 11 2.2.2 The addressing of LCDs by TFTs 18 3 Electro-optic Effects in Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystals 21 3.1 The Planar and Harmonic Wave of Light 21 3.2 Propagation of Polarized Light in Birefringent Untwisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells 26 3.2.1 The propagation of light in a Fre´edericksz cell 26 3.2.2 The transmissive Fre´edericksz cell 31 3.2.3 The reflective Fre´edericksz cell 37 3.2.4 The Fre´edericksz cell as a phase-only modulator 39 3.2.5 The DAP cell or the vertically aligned cell 42 3.2.6 The HAN cell 44 3.2.7 The p cell 46 3.2.8 Switching dynamics of untwisted nematic LCDs 48 3.2.9 Fast blue phase liquid crystals 54 4 Electro-optic Effects in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystals 57 4.1 The Propagation of Polarized Light in Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells 57 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 4.2 The Various Types of TN Cells 67 4.2.1 The regular TN cell 67 4.2.2 The supertwisted nematic LC cell (STN-LCD) 70 4.2.3 The mixed mode twisted nematic cell (MTN cell) 74 4.2.4 Reflective TN cells 76 4.3 Electronically Controlled Birefringence for the Generation of Colour 80 5 Descriptions of Polarization 83 5.1 The Characterizations of Polarization 83 5.2 A Differential Equation for the Propagation of Polarized Light through Anisotropic Media 91 5.3 Special Cases for Propagation of Light 95 5.3.1 Incidence of linearly polarized light 95 5.3.2 Incident light is circularly polarized 97 6 Propagation of Light with an Arbitrary Incident Angle through Anisotropic Media 99 6.1 Basic Equations for the Propagation of Light 99 6.2 Enhancement of the Performance of LC Cells 107 6.2.1 The degradation of picture quality 107 6.2.2 Optical compensation foils for the enhancement of picture quality 109 6.2.2.1 The enhancement of contrast 109 6.2.2.2 Compensation foils for LC molecules with different optical axis 110 6.2.3 Suppression of grey shade inversion and the preservation of grey shade stability 115 6.2.4 Fabrication of compensation foils 116 6.3 Electro-optic Effects with Wide Viewing Angle 116 6.3.1 Multidomain pixels 116 6.3.2 In-plane switching 117 6.3.3 Optically compensated bend cells 119 6.4 Multidomain VA Cells, Especially for TV 121 6.4.1 The torque generated by an electric field 122 6.4.2 The requirements for a VA display, especially for TV 124 6.4.2.1 The speeds of operation 124 6.4.2.2 Colour shift, change in contrast and image sticking 124 6.4.3 VA cells for TV applications 129 6.4.3.1 Multidomain VA cells with protrusions (MVAs) 129 6.4.3.2 Patterned VA cells (PVAs) 130 6.4.3.3 PVA cells with two subpixels (CS-S-PVAs) 132 6.4.3.4 Cell technologies avoiding a delayed optical response 136 – Polymer sustained alignment (PSA) 136 – Mountain shaped cell surface 137 6.4.3.5 The continuous pinwheel alignment (CPA) 139 6.5 Polarizers with Increased Luminous Output 140 6.5.1 A reflective linear polarizer 140 6.5.2 A reflective polarizer working with circularly polarized light 141 6.6 Two Non-birefringent Foils 142 7 Modified Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 145 7.1 Polymer Dispersed LCDs (PDLCDs) 145 7.1.1 The operation of a PDLCD 145 7.1.2 Applications of PDLCDs 149 7.2 Guest-Host Displays 150 7.2.1 The operation of Guest-Host Displays 150 7.2.2 Reflective Guest-Host Displays 154 8 Bistable Liquid Crystal Displays 159 8.1 Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays (FLCDs) 159 8.2 Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 168 8.3 Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 174 8.3.1 Bistable twist cells 174 8.3.2 Grating aligned nematic devices 175 8.3.3 Monostable surface anchoring switching 177 9 Continuously Light Modulating Ferroelectric Displays 179 9.1 Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Devices 179 9.2 Antiferroelectric LCDs 181 10 Addressing Schemes for Liquid Crystal Displays 185 11 Direct Addressing 189 12 Passive Matrix Addressing of TN Displays 191 12.1 The Basic Addressing Scheme and the Law of Alt and Pleshko 191 12.2 Implementation of PM Addressing 196 12.3 Multiple Line Addressing 201 12.3.1 The basic equations 201 12.3.2 Waveforms for the row selection 203 12.3.3 Column voltage for MLA 205 12.3.4 Implementation of multi-line addressing 206 12.3.5 Modified PM addressing of STN cells 210 12.3.5.1 Decreased levels of addressing voltages 210 12.3.5.2 Contrast and grey shades for MLA 212 12.4 Two Frequency Driving of PMLCDs 218 13 Passive Matrix Addressing of Bistable Displays 223 13.1 Addressing of Ferroelectric LCDs 223 13.1.1 The V–tmin addressing scheme 225 13.1.2 The V–1/t addressing scheme 226 13.1.3 Reducing crosstalk in FLCDs 228 13.1.4 Ionic effects during addressing 228 13.2 Addressing of Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays 231 14 Addressing of Liquid Crystal Displays with a-Si Thin Film Transistors (a-Si-TFTs) 239 14.1 Properties of a-Si Thin Film Transistors 239 14.2 Static Operation of TFTs in an LCD 244 14.3 The Dynamics of Switching by TFTs 252 14.4 Bias-Temperature Stress Test of TFTs 259 14.5 Drivers for AMLCDs 260 14.6 The Entire Addressing System 266 14.7 Layouts of Pixels with TFT Switches 269 14.8 Fabrication Processes of a-Si TFTs 272 14.9 Addressing of VA Displays 277 14.9.1 Overshoot and undershoot driving of LCDs 277 14.9.2 The dynamic capacitance compensation (DCC) 281 14.9.3 Fringe field accelerated decay of luminance 288 14.9.4 The addressing of two subpixels 292 14.9.5 Biased vertical alignment (BVA) 295 14.10 Motion Blur 298 14.10.1 Causes, characterization and remedies of blur 298 14.10.2 Systems with decreased blur 310 14.10.2.1 Edge enhancement for reduced blur 310 14.10.2.2 Black insertion techniques 312 14.10.2.3 Scanning backlights 313 14.10.2.4 Higher frame rates for reducing blur 315 14.10.3 Modelling of blur 320 14.11 The Optical Response of a VA Cell 329 14.12 Reduction of the Optical Response Time by a Special Addressing Waveform 334 15 Addressing of LCDs with Poly-Si TFTs 339 15.1 Fabrication Steps for Top- and Bottom-Gate Poly-Si TFTs 340 15.2 Laser Crystallization by Scanning or Large Area Anneal 344 15.3 Lightly Doped Drains for Poly-Si TFTs 345 15.4 The Kink Effect and its Suppression 347 15.5 Circuits with Poly-Si TFTs 349 16 Liquid Crystal on Silicon Displays 353 16.1 Fabrication of LCOS with DRAM-Type Analog Addressing 353 16.2 SRAM-Type Digital Addressing of LCOS 355 16.3 Microdisplays Using LCOS Technology 360 17 Addressing of Liquid Crystal Displays with Metal-Insulator-Metal Pixel Switches 363 18 Addressing of LCDs with Two
• Edition: Third edition
• Publisher Details: Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2022
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 621.3815422; Liquid crystal displays; Liquid crystal devices
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119668008
• Related ISBNs: 9781119667919
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
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