People flow in buildings. (2021)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Marja-Liisa Siikonen.
• Authors: Siikonen, Marja-Liisa
• Contents: Symbols and Abbreviations Preface Scope of the book PART I 1. Building design population 1.1 Office building population 1.2 Number of inhabitants in residential buildings 1.3 Number of hotel guests 1.4 People arriving from parking areas 1.5 Population in hospitals 1.6 Other types of populated buildings 2. People counting methods 2.1. Counting technology inside and outside buildings 2.2. Passenger traffic components 2.3. Manual people-counting 2.4. Use of optical vision 2.5. Visitor-counting with photocell signals and infra-red beams 2.6. People-counting with access control system 2.7. Passenger-counting by load-weighing device 2.8. Elevator monitoring systems 2.9. External traffic measurement devices 2.10. Smart sensing and mobile computing 3. Passenger arrival process in buildings 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Poisson arrival process 3.2.1 Probability density function 3.2.2 Example of passenger arrivals through security cages 3.3 Passenger arrivals in batches 3.3.1 Batch arrivals in elevator lobbies 3.3.2 Batch arrivals in escalators 3.3.3 Observed batch size distributions in several building types 3.3.4 Batch size variation in elevator lobbies during the day 3.3.5 Modelling of batch size distribution 4. Daily vertical passenger traffic profiles 4.1 Introduction 4.1 Vertical building traffic components 4.1 Two-way traffic profiles 4.1 Effect of inter-floor traffic 4.1 Occupancy in buildings 4.2 Passenger trips with elevators 4.3 People flow in office buildings 4.3.1 Traffic in offices 4.3.2 Observed daily two-way traffic profiles 4.3.3 Daily traffic profiles with interfloor traffic 4.4 People flow in hotels 4.4.1 Traffic in hotels 4.4.2 Daily traffic profiles in hotels 4.5 People flow in residential buildings 4.5.1 Traffic in residential buildings 4.5.2 Traffic profiles in residential buildings 4.6 People flow profiles in hospitals 4.6.1 Hospital traffic 4.6.2 Daily traffic in hospitals 4.7 People flow in commercial and public buildings 4.7.1 Traffic in commercial and public buildings 4.7.2 Daily people flow in escalators 4.7.3 Daily people flow in elevators in shopping centers 4.7.4 Duration of a visit in a shopping centre 4.7.5 People flow by GPS in public buildings 4.8 People flow on cruise ships 4.8.1 Traffic in cruisers 4.8.2 Daily traffic profiles for typical days 5. Monitored elevator traffic data 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Service quality parameters 5.3 Measured passenger service level 5.3.1 Measured passenger traffic with external device 5.3.2 Call time distribution 5.3.3 Waiting time distribution with destination control 5.3.4 Monthly service times 5.4 Measured elevator performance 5.4.1 Number of starts during a month 5.4.2 Correlation between cycle time and round trip time Part II: People flow solutions 6. Historical overview 7. Push button control systems 7.1 Signal operation 7.2 Single-button collective control 7.3 Down collective control 7.4 Interconnected full collective control principle 8. Collective group control system 8.1 Software-based collective control system 8.2 Bunching 8.3 Next car up 8.4 Dynamic sub-zoning 8.5 Channeling 8.6 Queue selective control system 9. Intelligent group control systems 9.1 Performance requirements 9.2 Control system architectures 10. Artificial Intelligence in elevator dispatching 10.1 Introduction 10.2 AI architectures 10.3 Traffic forecasting 10.4 Fuzzy logic 10.5 Genetic algorithm 10.6 Neural networks 10.7 Optimization objective functions 10.8 Elevator lobby with collective control system 10.9 Hospital service modes 11. Destination control system 11.1 Adaptive call allocation algorithm 11.2 Destination control system 11.3 Hybrid destination control system 11.4 “Harmonized” elevator dispatching 11.5 Elevator lobby with destination control system 12. Multi-car control systems 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Paternoster 12.3 Odyssey 12.4 Double-deck elevators 12.4.1 Functional principle of double-deck elevators 12.4.2 Double-deck collective control 12.4.3 Double-deck destination control 12.4.4 Harmonized dispatching for double-deck elevators 12.5 TWIN 12.6 MULTI 12.7 Other possible multi-car elevator control systems 13. Access control systems 2.11. Application areas 2.12. Access control by an external provider 2.13. Access control embedded in an elevator control 14. Architectural considerations of elevators 14.1 Layouts with conventional control 14.2 Layouts with destination control system 14.3 Dimensions of passenger elevators 14.1 Vertical elevator dimensions 14.2 Lobby arrangement with double-deck elevators 15. Architectural considerations of other people flow solutions 15.1 Escalator arrangements 15.2 Horizontal escalator dimensions 15.3 Vertical escalator dimensions 15.4 Dimensions of moving walkways 15.5 Staircase dimensions 15.6 Building door types Part III: People flow calculation methods 16. Introduction 17. Elevator traffic calculation methods 17.1 Elevator performance parameters 17.2 Elevator handling capacity equation 17.3 Elevator kinematics 17.3.1 Elevator rated speed 17.3.2 Flight time calculation 17.4 Up-peak roundtrip time equations 17.4.1 Uniform passenger arrivals 17.4.2 Poisson arrival process 17.4.3 Uniform arrival process for r-floor elevator jumps 17.4.4 Poisson arrival process for r-floor elevator jumps 17.4.5 Uniform arrival process for elevator jumps between floor pairs 17.4.6 Poisson arrival process for elevator jumps between floor pairs 17.4.7 A generalized roundtrip time formula 17.5 Round trip time related equations 17.5.1 Shuttle elevators 17.5.2 Express zones 17.5.3 Dynamic zoning in up-peak 17.5.4 Unsymmetric elevator groups 17.5.5 Multiple entrance floors 17.5.6 Two-way traffic 17.6 Multicar traffic analysis 17.6.1 Paternoster performance 17.6.2 Double-deck performance 17.6.3 Number of MULTI cabins and shafts 18. Passenger service level 18.1 Queuing theoretical approach 18.1.1 Waiting times 18.1.2 Transit times 18.1.3 Journey time 18.2 Queuing at hot spots 18.3 Egress time with elevators 19. Pedestrian traffic 19.1 People flow density 19.1.1 Level of Service 19.1.2 Human body size 19.1.3 Passenger characteristics 19.1.4 Passenger space demand in elevators 19.2 Escalator handling capacity 19.3 Handling capacity of moving walkways <p&gt
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Chichester : Wiley Blackwell
• Publication Date: 2021
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 721.6; Elevators -- Planning; Passenger conveyors -- Planning; Corridors -- Planning; Queuing theory; Pedestrian traffic flow -- Mathematical models; Pedestrian facilities design -- Data processing
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119545552
• Related ISBNs: 9781119545569
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.