Smart grid telecommunications : fundamentals and technologies in the 5G era /: fundamentals and technologies in the 5G era. (2021)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Alberto Sendin, Javier Matanza, Ramon Ferrus.
• Authors: Sendin, Alberto; Matanza, Javier; Ferrus, Ramon, 1971-
• Contents: Author Biographies xv Preface xvii Acronyms xxi 1 The Smart Grid: A General Perspective 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Electric Power Systems 1 1.2.1 Electricity 2 1.2.1.1 Frequency and Voltage 3 1.2.2 The Grid 4 1.2.2.1 The Grid from a Technical Perspective 5 1.2.2.2 The Grid from a Regulatory Perspective 9 1.2.3 Grid Operations 12 1.2.4 The Grid Assets 14 1.2.4.1 Substations 14 1.2.4.2 Power Lines 16 1.3 A Practical Definition of the Smart Grid 18 1.4 Why Telecommunications Are Instrumental for the Smart Grid 20 1.5 Challenges of the Smart Grid in Connection with Telecommunications 23 1.5.1 Customer Engagement Challenges 23 1.5.1.1 Customers as Smart Electricity Consumers 23 1.5.1.2 Customers as Energy Generators 24 1.5.2 Grid Control Challenges 25 1.6 Challenges of Telecommunications for Smart Grids 26 1.6.1 Telecommunication Solutions for Smart Grids 26 1.6.2 Standards for Telecommunications for Smart Grids 27 1.6.3 Groups of Interest Within Telecommunications for Smart Grids 29 1.6.4 Locations to be Served with Telecommunications 29 1.6.5 Telecommunication Services Control 31 1.6.6 Environmental Conditions 32 1.6.7 Distributed Intelligence 34 1.6.8 Resilient Telecommunication Networks and Services 34 1.6.9 Telecommunications Special Solution for Utilities 35 References 36 2 Telecommunication Networks and Systems Concepts 41 2.1 Introduction 41 2.2 Telecommunication Networks, Systems, and Services Definitions 41 2.3 Telecommunication Model and Services 42 2.3.1 Telecommunication Model 42 2.3.2 Analog and Digital Telecommunications 44 2.3.3 Types of Telecommunications Services 45 2.4 Telecommunication Networks 46 2.4.1 Network Topologies 48 2.4.2 Transport and Switching/Routing Functions 48 2.4.3 Circuit-switched and Packet-switched Networks 50 2.4.3.1 Circuit-switched Technologies 51 2.4.3.2 Packet-switched Technology 51 2.4.3.3 Multilayered Telecommunication Networks 54 2.4.4 Telecommunications Networks and Computing 55 2.5 Protocol Architectures for Telecommunication Networks 55 2.5.1 Why a Protocol Layered Model Is Needed 55 2.5.2 The OSI Model 56 2.5.3 The TCP/IP Protocol Stack 57 2.5.4 User, Control, and Management Planes 59 2.6 Transmission Media in Telecommunications for Smart Grids 59 2.6.1 Optical Fibers 61 2.6.1.1 Optical Fiber Cables for Smart Grids 63 2.6.1.2 Optical Fiber Cables Specifications 65 2.6.2 Radio Spectrum 67 2.6.2.1 Radio Spectrum for Utility Telecommunications 69 2.6.2.2 Radio Spectrum Use 70 2.7 Electricity Cables 71 2.7.1 PLC Use 73 References 75 3 Telecommunication Fundamental Concepts 79 3.1 Introduction 79 3.2 Signals 79 3.2.1 Analog vs. Digital 79 3.2.1.1 Continuous vs. Discrete 79 3.2.1.2 Sampling 81 3.2.1.3 Quantizing and Coding 81 3.2.1.4 Analog and Digital Signals 82 3.2.2 Frequency Representation of Signals 83 3.2.2.1 The Continuous-time Fourier Transform 83 3.2.2.2 The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform 85 3.2.3 Bandwidth 88 3.3 Transmission and Reception 89 3.3.1 Modulation 89 3.3.1.1 Example of a Simple Analog Modulation: Double Sideband 91 3.3.1.2 Example of a Simple Digital Modulation: Quadrature-Phase Shift Keying 91 3.3.2 Channel Impairments 93 3.3.2.1 Attenuation 93 3.3.2.2 Noise and Interference 93 3.3.2.3 Signal Distortion 94 3.3.3 Demodulation, Equalization, and Detection 97 3.3.3.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Bit Error Rate 97 3.3.3.2 Channel Equalization 98 3.3.4 Multiplexing 99 3.3.5 Channel Coding 103 3.3.5.1 A Simple Example of Coding 104 3.3.5.2 Interleaving 106 3.3.5.3 Advanced Coding Techniques 106 3.3.5.4 Channel Coding in Multicarrier Modulations 107 3.3.6 Duplexing 107 3.3.7 Multiple Access 108 3.3.7.1 TDMA/FDMA/CDMA/OFDMA 108 3.3.7.2 Multiple Access Methods 109 3.3.7.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access (Collision Avoidance/Collision Detection) 109 3.4 Signal Propagation 110 3.4.1 Optical Fiber Propagation 110 3.4.1.1 Optical Communications Components 110 3.4.1.2 Optical Fiber Propagation Phenomena 111 3.4.2 Radio Propagation 112 3.4.2.1 Antennas 113 3.4.2.2 Array Antennas and Beamforming 113 3.4.2.3 Free-space Propagation Phenomena 114 3.4.3 Link Budget 115 References 116 4 Transport, Switching, and Routing Technologies 117 4.1 Introduction 117 4.2 Transport Networks 117 4.2.1 Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) 118 4.2.2 SDH/SONET 119 4.2.3 DWDM 121 4.2.4 Optical Transport Network (OTN) 123 4.3 Switching and Routing 124 4.3.1 Switching Principles 124 4.3.1.1 Switching Process 125 4.3.1.2 Solving Switching Loops: Spanning Tree Protocol 126 4.3.2 Routing Principles 127 4.3.2.1 Routing Classification 127 4.3.2.2 Routing Metrics 128 4.3.2.3 Autonomous Systems 129 4.3.2.4 Routing Algorithms 129 4.3.2.5 Routing Protocols 131 4.3.3 Ethernet 132 4.3.3.1 Carrier Ethernet 133 4.3.4 Internet Protocol (IP) 133 4.3.5 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 134 4.3.5.1 Multiprotocol Label Switching – Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) 134 References 135 5 Smart Grid Applications and Services 137 5.1 Introduction 137 5.2 Smart Grid Applications and Their Telecommunication Needs 137 5.3 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition 139 5.3.1 Components 140 5.3.2 Protocols 141 5.3.2.1 Central Infrastructure to Field Protocols 142 5.3.2.2 Central Infrastructure Protocols 143 5.4 Protection 143 5.5 Distribution Automation 147 5.5.1 Distributed Energy Resources Integration 148 5.5.2 Electric Vehicles Integration 150 5.5.3 Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration 151 5.5.4 Indices for Operations Performance 151 5.6 Substation Automation 153 5.7 Metering 158 5.8 Synchrophasors 161 5.9 Customers 164 5.9.1 Demand-side Management 165 5.9.2 Energy Management 166 5.9.3 Microgrids 168 5.10 Power Lines 169 5.10.1 Flexible AC Transmission System 169 5.10.2 Dynamic Line Rating 169 5.11 Premises and People 170 5.11.1 Business Connectivity 170 5.11.2 Workforce Mobility 171 5.11.3 Surveillance 172 References 174 6 Optical Fiber and PLC Access Technologies 179 6.1 Introduction 179 6.2 Optical Fiber Passive Network Technologies 179 6.2.1 Mainstream Technologies and Standards 180 6.2.1.1 PON Technologies Evolution 180 6.2.1.2 Supported Services and Applicability Scenarios 183 6.2.1.3 Spectrum 184 6.2.1.4 System Architecture 184 6.2.2 Main Capabilities and Features 186 6.2.2.1 Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing 186 6.2.2.2 Features Needed in PONs 187 6.2.2.3 Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment 187 6.2.3 ITU’s GPON Family 188 6.2.3.1 GPON 188 6.2.3.2 XG(S)-PON 190 6.2.3.3 NG-PON2 190 6.2.4 IEEE’s EPON
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Hoboken : Wiley-IEEE Press
• Publication Date: 2021
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 621.31; Smart power grids; 5G mobile communication systems; Telecommunication
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119755395
• Related ISBNs: 9781119755371
• Notes: Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
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