Biofertilizers : study and impact /: study and impact. (2021)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Edited by Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Mashallah Rezakazemi.
• Editors: Inamuddin, 1980-; Ahamed, Mohd Imran; Boddula, Rajender; Rezakazemi, Mashallah; Inamuddin
• Contents: Preface xxi 1 Biofertilizer Utilization in Forestry 1; Wendy Ying Ying Liu and Ranjetta Poobathy 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Mechanisms of Actions of Biofertilizers 3 1.2.1 Facilitation of N Acquisition 3 1.2.1.1 Mutualistic N2 Fixation 4 1.2.1.2 Non-Symbiotic N2 Fixation 5 1.2.2 Facilitation of P Acquisition 5 1.2.2.1 Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms 6 1.2.2.2 Mycorrhizas 7 1.2.3 Potassium Solubilization 8 1.2.4 Production of Siderophores 9 1.2.5 Modulation of Phytohormones 10 1.2.6 Phytoprotection 12 1.3 Factors Influencing the Outcome of Forestry-Related Biofertilizer Applications 13 1.4 Applications of Biofertilizers in Forestry 16 1.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects 18 References 20 2 Impact of Biofertilizers on Horticultural Crops 39; Clement Kiing Fook Wong and Chui-Yao Teh 2.1 Introduction 40 2.2 Microbial Strains Used in Biofertilizers 41 2.3 Impact of Biofertilizer Application on Horticultural Crops 41 2.3.1 Increased Yield and Quality of Crops 41 2.3.1.1 Vegetable Crops 44 2.3.1.2 Fruit Crops 46 2.3.1.3 Ornamental Plants 48 2.3.2 Enhanced Nutritional Content of Produce 49 2.3.2.1 Mineral-Biofortified Crops 49 2.3.2.2 Enhanced Secondary Metabolites 50 2.3.2.3 Improved Vitamin Content 51 2.3.3 Improved Tolerance Against Biotic Stress 52 2.3.3.1 Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens 52 2.3.3.2 Viral Pathogens 56 2.3.3.3 Insect Pests 58 2.3.3.4 Nematodes 61 2.3.3.5 Weeds 64 2.3.4 Improved Tolerance Against Abiotic Stress 65 2.3.4.1 Drought 66 2.3.4.2 Salinity 68 2.3.4.3 Heavy Metal 70 2.3.4.4 Cold Stress 71 2.3.4.5 Heat Stress 73 2.3.5 Improved Vegetative Propagation Efficiency 73 2.3.5.1 Propagation by Cuttings 73 2.3.5.2 Grafting 74 2.4 Future Perspectives and Challenges Ahead 75 2.5 Conclusion 79 References 79 3 N2 Fixation in Biofertilizers 105; Rekha Sharma, Sapna Nehra and Dinesh Kumar 3.1 Introduction 106 3.2 Biofertilizers 108 3.2.1 Origin 108 3.3 Biofertilizer: Transporter Constituents 108 3.4 Mechanism of Actions of Biofertilizers 109 3.5 Biochemistry of Manufacture of Biofertilizer 109 3.6 Benefits of Biofertilizer Over Biochemical Fertilizers 110 3.7 Variances Among Organic and Biofertilizer 111 3.8 Types of Biofertilizers 111 3.9 Microorganisms Utilized to Make Biofertilizer 111 3.10 Microorganism in Nitrogen Fixation 113 3.10.1 Biofertilizers: Symbiotic N-Fixers 113 3.10.2 Biofertilizers: Free Living N-Fixers 114 3.10.3 Biofertilizers: Associative Symbiotic N-Fixers 114 3.11 Phosphorus Solubilizing Microbes 115 3.12 Conclusion and Future Prospect 115 Acknowledgments 116 Abbreviations 116 References 117 4 Organic Farming by Biofertilizers 121; Anuradha and Jagvir Singh 4.1 Introduction 122 4.2 Biofertilizers 123 4.2.1 Benefits of Biofertilizers 126 4.2.2 Method of Biofertilizer Application 126 4.2.2.1 Seed Treatment 126 4.2.2.2 Seedling Treatment 127 4.2.2.3 Setts and Tuta Treatment 127 4.2.2.4 Soil Treatment 127 4.2.3 Precautions During Application of Biofertilizers 127 4.3 Classification of Biofertilizers 128 4.3.1 Nitrogen Fixer Bacteria 128 4.3.1.1 Commercial Applications 129 4.3.2 Cyanobacteria as Biofertilizers 130 4.3.2.1 Commercial Applications 130 4.3.2.2 Factors Affecting Cyanobacteria Biofertilizer 131 4.3.3 Mycorrhiza as Biofertilizers 131 4.3.3.1 Ectotrophic Mycorrhiza 132 4.3.3.2 Endotrophic Mycorrhiza 132 4.3.3.3 Changes in Mineral Compounds 133 4.3.3.4 Manure Value and Its Importance 133 4.3.4 Azolla as Biofertilizer 134 4.3.5 Vermicompost 135 4.3.5.1 Method of Vermicompost 135 4.4 Organic Farming 136 4.4.1 Objectives of Organic Farming 136 4.4.2 Benefits of Organic Farming 136 4.4.3 Benefit for Environment 137 4.4.4 Methods of Organic Farming 137 4.4.5 Techniques for Organic Farming 137 4.4.5.1 Crop Diversity 138 4.4.5.2 Soil Management 138 4.4.5.3 Weed Management 138 4.5 Traditional Agriculture vs. Organic and Inorganic Farming 139 4.5.1 Problems Created by Traditional Farming 139 4.6 Reasons for Doing Organic Farming 140 4.6.1 To Save Soil Health 140 4.6.2 To Preserve Nutrients 141 4.6.3 To Reduce the Cost of Agriculture 141 4.6.4 To Prevent Hazardous Elements in Animal Products 141 4.6.5 To Protect the Environment 141 4.6.6 Natural and Good Taste 142 4.7 Advantage of Organic Farming 142 4.7.1 Good Nutrition 142 4.7.2 Good Health 142 4.7.3 Freedom From Poison 142 4.7.4 Less Money 143 4.7.5 Great Taste 143 4.7.6 Environmental Safety 143 4.8 Disadvantages of Organic Farming 143 4.8.1 Lack of Information 143 4.8.2 Lack of Outline 143 4.8.3 Making More Money in the Beginning 144 4.9 Conclusion 144 Acknowledgement 144 References 144 5 Phosphorus Solubilizing Microorganisms 151; Rafig Gurbanov, Berkay Kalkanci, Hazel Karadag and Gizem Samgane 5.1 Phosphorus Pollution 152 5.2 Phosphate Solubilization 153 5.3 Microbial Mechanisms of Phosphate Solubilization 155 5.3.1 Organic Phosphate Solubilization 156 5.3.2 Inorganic Phosphate Solubilization 156 5.4 Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria 158 5.5 Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi 160 5.5.1 Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi as Plant Growth Promoters 162 5.5.2 The Methods of using Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi in Agriculture 164 5.6 Bacteria-Fungi Consortium for Phosphate Solubilization 165 5.7 Conclusions 167 References 167 6 Exophytical and Endophytical Interactions of Plants and Microbial Activities 183; A. Mbotho, D. Selikane, J.S. Sefadi and M.J. Mochane 6.1 Introduction 184 6.2 Beneficial Interactions 185 6.2.1 Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi 186 6.2.2 Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms 189 6.2.3 Rhizobia 193 6.2.4 Endophytes 194 6.3 Pathogenic (Harmful) Interactions 194 6.3.1 Oomycetes 195 6.3.2 Fungi 198 6.3.3 Bacteria 199 6.3.4 Viruses 200 6.4 Conclusion 203 References 204 7 Biofertilizer Formulations 211; Sana Saif, Zeeshan Abid, Muhammad Faheem Ashiq, Muhammad Altaf and Raja Shahid Ashraf List of Abbreviations 212 7.1 Introduction 212 7.1.1 Evolution of Biofertilizers 212 7.1.2 Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Approach 213 7.2 Biofertilizer Formulations 215 7.2.1 Selection of Strain 215 7.2.1.1 Microbial Strains 215 7.3 Types of Formulations 227 7.3.1 Carrier-Based/Powder Formulations 230 7.3.1.1 Selection of Carrier Material 230 7.3.1.2 Sterilization of Carrier 235 7.3.2 Granular Formulations 236 7.3.3 Liquid Formulations 236 7.3.3.1 Inoculant Preparation 237 7.3.3.2 Common Additives 238 7.3.4 Cell Immobilization 239 7.3.4.1 Polymer Entrapped Formulations 239 7.3.4.2 Advantages and Constrain
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Hoboken : Wiley-Scrivener
• Publication Date: 2021
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 631.86; Biofertilizers
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119724988; 9781119724971
• Related ISBNs: 9781119724674
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