5G second phase explained : the 3GPP release 16 enhancements /: the 3GPP release 16 enhancements. (2021)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Jyrki Teppo Juho Penttinen.
• Authors: Penttinen, Jyrki, 1967-
• Editors: Penttinen, Jyrki T. J
• Contents: About the Author xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xvii List of Abbreviations xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 General 1 1.1.1 Focus of This Book 1 1.1.2 Generations 2 1.2 Principles of 5G 4 1.2.1 Open Source 7 1.2.2 Justifications for 5G 8 1.3 Standardization 10 1.3.1 Release 16 Key Features 10 1.3.2 The Phases of 5G 12 1.3.3 How to Find 5G-Related Specifications 18 1.3.4 Release 17 20 1.3.5 Later Phases and 6G 21 1.4 Introduction to the Book 22 2 Requirements 27 2.1 Overview 27 2.2 Background 27 2.3 Development of the Ecosystem 28 2.3.1 New Needs 28 2.3.2 Enhanced 5G Functionality 29 2.4 Introduction to Requirements 29 2.5 World Radiocommunication Conference 31 2.6 Building Blocks of 5G: eMBB/URLLC/mMTC 31 2.7 5G Requirements of the ITU 34 2.7.1 Process 34 2.7.2 Documents 35 2.7.3 Peak Data Rate 36 2.7.4 Peak Spectral Efficiency 36 2.7.5 User Experienced Data Rate 36 2.7.6 Fifth Percentile User Spectral Efficiency 37 2.7.7 Average Spectral Efficiency 37 2.7.8 Area Traffic Capacity 37 2.7.9 Latency 37 2.7.10 Connection Density 38 2.7.11 Energy Efficiency 38 2.7.12 Reliability 38 2.7.13 Mobility 38 2.7.14 Mobility Interruption Time 39 2.7.15 Bandwidth 39 2.8 The Technical Specifications of the 3GPP 39 2.8.1 Releases 39 2.8.2 Security Requirements for 5G 41 2.9 NGMN 41 2.9.1 User Experience 41 2.9.2 Device Requirements 43 2.9.3 Enhanced Services 44 2.10 Mobile Network Operators 44 2.11 Mobile Device Manufacturers 45 2.12 Consumer Requirements 45 2.13 Vertical Requirements 47 2.13.1 SME Business 47 2.13.2 Transport and Traffic 48 2.13.3 Health Care 48 2.13.4 Critical Infrastructure 48 2.13.5 Aviation and Drones 49 2.13.6 Virtual Reality 50 2.13.7 Other Verticals 50 3 Phase 2 System Architecture and Functionality 55 3.1 Introduction 55 3.1.1 General 55 3.1.2 Release 16 Development 58 3.1.3 Radio Network 58 3.1.4 Core Network 58 3.1.5 Transport Network 59 3.1.6 5G NFs of Release 16 59 3.2 Release 16 Enhancements 62 3.2.1 LTE in Release 16 62 3.2.2 5G of Release 16 63 3.2.3 Fixed-Mobile Convergence 64 3.2.4 Control and User Plane Separation of EPC Nodes 64 3.2.5 Java and APIs in 5G 66 3.2.6 Identifiers 67 3.2.7 Multicast/Broadcast in 5G 68 3.3 5G Network Architecture in Release 16 69 3.3.1 System Architecture 69 3.3.2 Non-roaming Reference Architecture 69 3.3.3 Roaming Reference Architecture 73 3.3.4 Interworking with Non-3GPP Networks 75 3.3.5 5G User and Control Plane 76 3.3.6 Edge Computing 78 3.4 Dual Connectivity 79 3.4.1 Multi-radio Dual Connectivity with EPC 79 3.4.2 Multi-radio Dual Connectivity with 5GC 81 3.4.3 Dual Connectivity Network Interfaces 82 3.5 NG-RAN Architecture 83 3.5.1 Interfaces 83 3.5.2 Functions of gNB and ng-eNB 85 3.6 5G Interfaces and Reference Points 85 3.6.1 Service-Based Interfaces 85 3.6.2 Reference Points 85 3.7 IMS in 5G 88 4 Phase 2 Radio Network and User Equipment 93 4.1 Overview 93 4.1.1 Key Specifications 93 4.1.2 Summary of Key Release 16 Enhancements 93 4.2 Radio Network 97 4.2.1 5G MIMO and Adaptive Antennas 97 4.2.2 5G Radio Access 98 4.2.3 5G gNB Functions 99 4.2.4 3GPP RAN Interfaces 102 4.2.5 The Split Architecture of RAN 102 4.2.6 IAB 104 4.2.7 5G Network Layers 106 4.2.8 IAB Protocol Stacks 108 4.3 User Equipment 109 4.3.1 Background 109 4.3.2 Terminal States 111 4.4 Cloud RAN 111 4.4.1 Introduction 111 4.4.2 Open RAN Terminology 114 4.4.3 Open RAN Alliance 114 4.4.4 Open RAN Reference Architecture 115 4.4.5 Logical Architecture of O-RAN 118 4.5 5G Spectrum 120 4.5.1 Advances of 5G Frequencies 120 4.5.2 ITU-R WRC-19 Results 121 4.5.3 RF Bands 121 4.6 5G Radio Aspects 129 4.6.1 Bandwidth 129 4.6.2 Duplex 129 4.6.3 SUL 130 4.6.4 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing 130 4.6.5 5G Antennas 131 4.6.6 Radio Performance 131 4.6.7 OFDM in Release 16 132 4.6.8 Modulation 132 4.6.9 Coding 133 4.6.10 OFDM 133 4.6.11 Modulation 133 4.6.12 Frame Structure 133 4.6.13 5G Channels 134 4.6.14 General Protocol Architecture 136 4.6.15 Physical Layer Procedures 137 4.6.16 Physical Layer Measurements 137 4.6.17 Quality of Service 137 5 Core and Transport Network 141 5.1 Overview 141 5.1.1 The 5G Pillars 141 5.1.2 5G Core Network Services 142 5.2 Network Functions Virtualization 142 5.2.1 SDN 142 5.2.2 NFV 143 5.3 5G Cloud Architecture 145 5.3.1 Concept 145 5.3.2 Data Center as a Base for 5G Architecture 146 5.3.3 Network as a Service 147 5.4 Network Functions Overview 147 5.4.1 5G Release 15 and 16 Network Functions 147 5.4.2 5G Core Network Aspects 148 5.5 NFs Enhanced in Release 16 151 5.5.1 5G-EIR 151 5.1.2 AF 151 5.5.3 AMF 151 5.5.4 AUSF 153 5.5.5 LMF 153 5.5.6 N3IWF 153 5.5.7 NEF 154 5.5.8 NRF 155 5.5.9 NSSF 157 5.5.10 NWDAF 157 5.5.11 PCF 158 5.5.12 SEPP 158 5.5.13 SMF 160 5.5.14 SMSF 161 5.5.15 UDM 162 5.5.16 UDR 162 5.5.17 UDSF 162 5.5.18 UPF 163 5.6 Additional NFs of Release 16 164 5.6.1 CAPIF 164 5.6.2 GMLC 165 5.6.3 I-SMF and V-SMF 166 5.6.4 I-UPF 166 5.6.5 NSSAAF 168 5.6.6 SCP 168 5.6.7 TNGF 168 5.6.8 TWIF 169 5.6.9 UCMF 169 5.6.10 W-AGF 170 5.7 5GC Functionalities 170 5.7.1 Network Function Discovery 170 5.7.2 Network Slicing 171 5.8 Transport Network 178 5.9 IMS for 4G and 5G Voice Service 181 5.9.1 IMS Architecture 181 5.9.2 Voice Service 183 5.9.3 Roaming 184 5.9.4 Key Definitions 185 5.9.5 VoLTE Infrastructure Options 186 5.9.6 Fallback Mechanisms 186 5.9.7 Circuit-Switched Fallback 186 5.9.8 Single Radio Voice Call Continuity 188 5.9.9 Interworking in 4G/5G 188 5.9.10 Requirements for IMS Voice 192 6 Release 16 Features and Use Cases 195 6.1 Introduction to Release 16 Use Cases 195 6.1.1 5G Pillars 195 6.1.2 Technical Reports as a Foundation 196 6.1.3 Use Cases Identified by Industry 197 6.1.4 Market Needs for Release 16 198 6.2 Use Cases for 5G Release 16 198 6.2.1 Network Slicing 198 6.2.2 Network Functions Virtualization 199 6.2.3 SDN 200 6.2.4 Use Cases for Cloud-Based Functions 2
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2021
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 621.38456; 5G mobile communication systems; Long-Term Evolution (Telecommunications)
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119645535
• Related ISBNs: 9781119645504
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.