Handbook of large hydro generators : operation and maintenance /: operation and maintenance. (2020)

• Record Type: Book
• Uniform Title: Operation and maintenance of large turbo generators
• Further Information: Note: Glenn Mottershead, Stefano Bomben, Geoff Klempner, Isidor Kerszenbaum.
• Authors: Klempner, Geoff; Bomben, Stefano; Mottershead, Glenn; Kerszenbaum, Isidor
• Contents: 1 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 9 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO BASIC NOTIONS ON ELECTRIC POWER 10 1.1.1 Magnetism and Electromagnetism 10 1.1.2 Electricity 12 1.2 ELECTRICAL-MECHANICAL EQUIVALENCE 12 1.3 ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) 13 1.4 THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS 15 1.5 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MACHINE OPERATION 15 1.5.1 Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction 16 1.5.2 Ampere–Biot–Savart's Law 16 1.5.3 Lenz's Law of Action and Reaction 16 1.5.4 Electromechanical Energy Conversion 17 1.6 THE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE 17 1.6.1 Background 17 1.6.2 Principles of Construction 18 1.6.3 Rotor Windings 19 1.6.4 Stator Windings 19 1.7 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE – BASIC OPERATION 20 1.7.1 Magnetic Representation 20 1.7.2 Generator Mode – Steady-State Using Vectors 21 1.7.3 System Support – Reactive Power 22 1.7.4 Motor Operation 22 1.7.5 Equivalent Circuit 23 1.7.6 Machine Losses 24 2 GENERATOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 27 2.1 STATOR CORE 28 2.1.1 Laminations 28 2.1.2 Lamination - Slot and Yoke Section 29 2.1.3 Core Piling (stacking) and Clamping 30 2.2 STATOR FRAME 33 2.3 ELECTROMAGNETICS 35 2.4 CORE-END HEATING 38 2.5 FLUX AND ARMATURE REACTION 38 2.6 STATOR CORE AND FRAME FORCES 40 2.7 STATOR WINDINGS 41 2.8 STATOR WINDING WEDGES 45 2.9 ENDWINDING SUPPORT SYSTEMS 48 2.10 STATOR WINDING CONFIGURATIONS 49 2.11 STATOR TERMINAL CONNECTIONS 49 2.12 ROTOR RIM 50 2.13 ROTOR SPIDER/DRUM 56 2.14 ROTOR POLE BODY 57 2.15 ROTOR WINDING AND INSULATION 59 2.16 AMORTISSEUR WINDING 61 2.17 SLIP/COLLECTOR RINGS AND BRUSH GEAR 62 2.18 COOLING Air 62 2.19 ROTOR FANS/BLOWER 63 2.20 ROTOR INERTIA, TORQUE, AND TORSIONAL STRESS 64 2.21 THRUST AND GUIDE BEARINGS 66 2.21.1 Introduction 66 2.21.2 Important Concepts 67 2.21.3 Thrust Bearings 68 2.21.4 Thrust Bearing Pressure 70 2.21.5 Guide Bearings 70 2.21.6 Deterioration and Failure of the Bearing Surface 72 3 GENERATOR AUXILIARY SYSTEMS 79 3.1 OIL SYSTEMS 80 3.2 STATOR SURFACE AIR COOLING SYSTEM 82 3.2.1 Construction 82 3.2.2 Function 83 3.2.3 Replacement Surface Air Coolers 83 3.2.4 Maintenance 84 3.3 BEARING COOLING COILS AND WATER SUPPLY 84 3.4 STATOR WINDING DIRECT COOLING WATER SYSTEM 85 3.4.1 System Components and Functions 85 3.5 EXCITATION SYSTEMS 87 3.5.1 Types of Excitation Systems 87 3.6 EXCITATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 88 4 OPERATION AND CONTROL 91 4.1 BASIC OPERATING PARAMETERS 92 4.1.1 Machine Rating 93 4.1.2 Apparent Power 93 4.1.3 Power Factor 94 4.1.4 Real Power 95 4.1.5 Terminal Voltage 96 4.1.6 Stator Current 96 4.1.7 Field Voltage 96 4.1.8 Field Current 96 4.1.9 Speed 97 4.1.10 Short-Circuit Ratio 97 4.1.11 Volts per Hertz 97 4.2 OPERATING MODES 99 4.2.1 Shutdown 99 4.2.2 Field Applied Offline (Open Circuit) 99 4.2.3 Synchronized and Loaded (Online) 99 4.2.4 Start-up Operation 99 4.2.5 Online Operation 100 4.2.6 Shutdown Operation 100 4.3 MACHINE CURVES 100 4.3.1 Open-Circuit Saturation Characteristic 100 4.3.2 Short circuit Characteristic 101 4.3.3 Capability Curves 101 4.3.4 V-Curves 104 4.4 SPECIAL OPERATING CONDITIONS 104 4.4.1 Unexcited Operation ("Loss-of-Field" Condition) 104 4.4.2 Negative Sequence Currents 105 4.4.3 Load Cycling and Repetitive Starts 106 4.4.4 Overloading 108 4.4.5 Loss of Cooling 108 4.4.6 Over Fluxing 109 4.4.7 Runaway and Overspeed 109 4.4.8 Loss of Lubricating Oil 109 4.4.9 Out-of-Step Synchronization and "Near" Short Circuits 110 4.4.10 Under and Over Frequency Operation (U/F and O/F) 110 4.5 BASIC OPERATION CONCEPTS 110 4.5.1 Steady-State Operation 110 4.5.2 Equivalent Circuit and Vector Diagram 111 4.5.3 Power Transfer Equation between the Generator and the Connected System 111 4.5.4 Working with the Fundamental Circuit Equation 112 4.5.5 Parallel Operation of Generators 114 4.5.6 STABILITY 115 4.5.7 Sudden Short Circuits 117 4.5.8 SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS 118 4.5.9 Voltage and Frequency Variation 119 4.5.10 Negative Sequence Current 119 4.5.11 Over Current 125 4.5.12 Current Transients 126 4.6 GRID-INDUCED TORSIONAL VIBRATIONS 126 4.6.1 Determination of Shaft Torque and Shaft Torsional Stress 126 4.6.2 Material Changes Due to Torsional Vibrations 126 4.6.3 Types of Grid-Induced Events 127 4.7 EXCITATION AND VOLTAGE REGULATION 128 4.7.1 The Exciter 128 4.7.2 Excitation control 129 5 MONITORING AND DIAGNOSTICS 131 5.1 GENERATOR MONITORING PHILOSOPHIES
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Hoboken : Wiley-IEEE Press
• Publication Date: 2020
• Extent: 1 online resource, illustrations
• Subjects: 621.313; Turbogenerators; Turbogenerators -- Maintenance and repair
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119524168; 9781119524182
• Related ISBNs: 9780470947579
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.