Batteries : Present and Future Energy Storage Challenges /: Present and Future Energy Storage Challenges. (2020)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Stefano Passerini, Dominic Bresser, Arianna Moretti, Alberto Varzi.
• Editors: Passerini, Stefano; Bresser, Dominic; Moretti, Arianna; Varzi, Alberto
• Contents: About the Editors xxiii List of Contributors xxvii Preface xxxiii Section I Introduction 1 1 The Role of Batteries for the Successful Transition to Renewable Energy Sources 3 Dominic Bresser, Arianna Moretti, Alberto Varzi, and Stefano Passerini 1 The Need for Transitioning to Renewable Energy Sources 3 2 Energy Storage as Key Enabler 5 2.1 Stationary Energy Storage 5 2.2 Energy Storage Technologies for Transportation 7 2.3 Storage Technologies for Portable Electronic Devices 8 3 The Variety of Battery Chemistries and Technologies 9 References 10 2 Fundamental Principles of Battery Electrochemistry 13 Francesco Nobili and Roberto Marassi 1 Introduction 13 2 Main Battery Components 16 2.1 Electrodes 16 2.2 Electrolyte 17 3 Voltage, Capacity, and Energy 19 3.1 Theoretical Cell Voltage 19 3.2 Theoretical Capacity 23 3.3 Energy Storage and Delivery 26 4 Current and Power 29 4.1 Kinetics and Overvoltage 29 4.2 Ohmic Polarization 31 4.3 Kinetic Polarization 31 4.4 Mass Transfer Polarization 32 5 Practical Operating Parameters 35 5.1 Coulombic Efficiency and Energy Efficiency (Round-Trip Efficiency) 35 5.2 Capacity Retention and Cycle Life 36 5.3 Rate Capability 37 6 Main Classes of Batteries and Alternative Electrochemical Power Sources 37 6.1 Primary Batteries 38 6.1.1 Volta’s Pile 39 6.1.2 Daniell Cell 39 6.1.3 Leclanché Cell 39 6.1.4 Alkaline Batteries 40 6.1.5 Li Primary Batteries 40 6.2 Secondary Batteries (Accumulators) 41 6.2.1 Lead-Acid Batteries 42 6.2.2 Nickel-Cadmium Batteries 42 6.2.3 Ni-Metal-Hydride Batteries 42 6.2.4 Lithium-Ion Batteries 43 6.2.5 Redox Flow Batteries 44 6.3 Fuel Cells 44 6.3.1 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) 45 6.3.2 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) 45 6.3.3 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) 45 6.3.4 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs) 46 6.3.5 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) 46 6.3.6 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) 46 References 47 Section II Presently Employed Battery Technologies 49 3 Lead-Acid – Still the Battery Technology with the Largest Sales 51 Johannes Buengeler and Bernhard Riegel 1 Introduction and History 51 2 Fundamentals of the Lead-Acid Accumulator 52 2.1 Operating Principle 52 2.2 Electrode Potentials in Equilibrium 54 2.2.1 Thermodynamic Fundamentals 54 2.2.2 Equilibrium Potential of the Main Reaction 55 2.2.3 Single-Electrode Potentials 57 2.2.4 Important Reference Electrodes 58 2.3 Side Reactions 59 2.3.1 Negative Electrode 60 2.3.1.1 Hydrogen Evolution 60 2.3.1.2 Oxygen Reduction 60 2.3.2 Positive Electrode 61 2.3.2.1 Oxygen Evolution 61 2.3.2.2 Grid Corrosion 61 2.3.3 Oxidation of Organic Substances 62 3 Behavior of the Lead-Acid Accumulator During Current Flow 62 3.1 Overpotentials in Lead-Acid Accumulators 63 3.2 Mathematic Concept to Describe the Electron Transfer Reaction 63 3.3 Inhibition of the Electron Transfer Reaction During Charge 64 3.4 Current/Voltage Characteristics During Overcharge 65 4 AgingMechanisms 67 4.1 Sulfation of Negative Active Mass 69 5 Acid Stratification 73 6 BatteryDesign 76 6.1 Types of Electrodes 77 6.2 Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries 78 7 Discharge Characteristic 80 8 Charging Algorithms 82 8.1 IUIa Charging Algorithms 83 9 TemperatureEffects 86 9.1 Theoretical Description of the Heat Sources and Sinks 86 10 New Development Trends for Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries 89 10.1 Thin Plate Pure Lead Technology 89 10.2 Enhanced Lead-Carbon Batteries 90 10.3 Bipolar Lead-Acid Batteries 91 References 91 4 Ni/Cd and Ni-MH – The Transition to “Charge Carrier”-Based Batteries 95 HuiWang andMin Zhu 1 Introduction to Ni/Cd and Ni-MH Batteries 95 2 Basic Structure of Ni-MH Battery 97 3 Electrochemistry of Ni-MH Battery 98 4 Positive Electrode Materials of Ni-MH Batteries 100 4.1 Crystal Structure 102 4.2 Electrochemical Characteristics 103 5 Negative Electrode Materials of Ni-MH Batteries 104 5.1 Electrochemical Reaction Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Storage Electrode Alloys 105 5.2 Electrochemical Reaction Kinetics of Hydrogen Storage Alloys 106 5.3 Requirements for Hydrogen Storage Electrode Alloys 108 5.4 Classification of Hydrogen Storage Electrode Alloys 110 5.4.1 AB5-Type Alloys 110 5.4.2 AB2-Type Laves Alloys 113 5.4.3 A2B7-Type and AB3-Type Superlattice Alloys 114 6 State-of-the-Art of Ni-MH Battery 116 6.1 High Power Ni-MH Battery 117 6.2 High-Capacity Ni-MH Battery 118 6.3 High-/Low-Temperature Ni-MH Battery 123 6.4 Low Self-Discharge Ni-MH Battery 124 7 Summary 125 References 126 5 Brief Survey on the Historical Development of LIBs 131 Kazunori Ozawa 1 Introduction 131 2 Aqueous Electrolyte System 131 3 Nonaqueous Electrolyte System 132 4 Insertion/Extraction of Lithium Ion 135 5 Success of Sony 135 5.1 Patent Issue 136 5.2 Cathode Material 136 5.3 Anode Material 136 5.4 Electrolyte 138 5.5 Separator 141 5.6 Cathode Collector and Conductive Material 141 <p&gt
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Wiley-VCH
• Publication Date: 2020
• Extent: 1 online resource (960 pages)
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9783527827312
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.