Stable isotopes : the integration of biological, ecological and geological processes /: the integration of biological, ecological and geological processes. (2020)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Edited by H. Griffiths.
• Editors: Griffiths, H (Howard), 1953-
• Contents: Contributors -- Abbreviations and symbols -- Introduction -- Section 1. Isotope sources, analysis and interpretation of organic composition -- 1. High-precision deuterium and BC measurement by continuous flow-IRMS: organic and position-specific isotope analysis /J. T Brenna, H.J. Tobias and TN. Corso -- Introduction -- CF-IRMS analysis of HD /H2 -- Carbon isotopes: automated position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA) -- References -- 2. Carbon isotope effects on key reactions in plant metabolism and BC-patterns in natural compounds /H.-L. Schmidt and G. Gleixner -- Introduction -- Influence of carboxylations on the initial "C distribution pattern -- Influence of aldol reactions and decarboxylations on secondary distribution patterns -- Ester and aldol reactions during secondary metabolism -- Effect of other lyase reactions -- Reactions involving C, -metabolism /Isotope effects on reactions introducing hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in biological compounds -- Conclusion -- References -- 3. Interpretation of oxygen isotope composition of leaf material /G.D. Farquhar, M.M. Barbour and B.K. Henry -- Why are we interested in the oxygen isotope ratio of organic matter? -- Oxygen isotopes in plant organic matter: a historical perspective -- On the enrichment of 18 0 in water within the plant -- Variation within the leaf -- Isotopic exchange of oxygen during metabolism -- Isotopic history of oxygen in organic molecules -- The potential for oxygen isotopes in evaluating plant water use -- Oxygen isotope composition of organic matter: methodology and analysis -- References -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- 4. Intramolecular deuterium distributions and plant growth conditions /J. Schleucher -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Variation of intramolecular D distributions -- Discussion and outlook -- References -- Section 2. Soils, nutrients and plants -- 5. Stable isotope studies of soil nitrogen /D. W. Hop kins, R.E. Wheatley and D. Robinson -- Introduction -- Transformations of soil nitrogen -- Distribution of soil nitrogen -- Spatial variability of soil N -- Use of 15N natural abundance to investigate soil processes -- Conclusions -- References -- 6. 15N at natural abundance levels in terrestrial vascular plants: a precis /L.L. Handley, C.M. Scrimgeour and ].A. Raven -- Introduction -- What are the patterns in the 815N signal? -- Experimental systems -- Needs for research -- References -- 7. Variations in fractionation of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in higher plants : N metabolism and partitioning in phloem and xylem /T Yoneyama, H. Fujiwara and J.M. Wilson -- Introduction -- Acquisition of nitrogen -- Metabolism of nitrogen -- Translocation of nitrogen -- C and N concentration and isotope composition in castor bean (Ricinus communis) -- Conclusions and future directions -- References -- Section 3. Photosynthesis, plants and water -- 8. Carbon isotope discrimination in terrestrial plants: carboxylations and decarboxylations /j.S. Gillon, A.M. Borland, K.G. Harwood, A. Roberts, M.S.J. Broadmeadow and H. Griffiths -- Introduction -- Net carbon isotope discrimination -- Photosynthetic discrimination -- Respiratory discrimination -- Refixation of respiratory CO2 -- Discrimination under natural conditions -- Conclusions -- References -- 9. Carbon isotope discrimination in structural and non-structural carbohydrates in relation to productivity and adaptation to unfavourable conditions /E. Brugnoli, A. Scartazza, M. Lauteri, M.C. Monteverdi and C. Mdguas -- Introduction -- Theoretical background to carbon isotope discrimination -- WUE and plant productivity -- Carbon isotope discrimination in soluble carbohydrates and productivity -- Soluble carbohydrate 13 C and CO2 mesophyll conductance -- Concluding remarks -- References -- 10. Oxygen-18 of leaf water: a crossroad for plant-associated isotopic signals /D. Yakir -- Introduction -- Evaporative enrichment -- Source water -- Atmospheric moisture and boundary layers -- Bulk leaf water -- 2-D simulation of 18 0 in leaf water -- 18 0 of water in chloroplasts -- Conclusions -- References -- 11. The role of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in understanding water movement along the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum /TE. Dawson, R.C. Pausch, H.M. Parker -- Introduction -- Stable isotopes and our understanding of water movement along the soil-plant-atmospheric continuum -- Future research on isotopes and the SPAC -- References -- Section 4. Integration of terrestrial ecosystems -- 12. Oxygen isotope effects during CO2 exchange: from leaf to ecosystem processes /L.B. Flanagan -- Introduction -- Discrimination against C180160 during photosynthetic gas exchange -- Oxygen isotope effects during respiratory CO2 exchange -- Relative influence of photosynthesis, respiration and turbulent fluxes on the isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 in plant canopies -- Regional and global variation in the influence of terrestrial ecosystems on the oxygen isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 -- References -- 13. Carbon isotope discrimination of terrestrial ecosystems /N. Buchmann, R.]. Brooks, L.B. Flanagan and ].R. Ehleringer -- Introduction -- Methodology -- Variation in '�, estimates -- Conclusions -- References -- 14. Assessing sensitivity to change in desert ecosystems - a stable isotope approach /J.R. Ehleringer, R.D. Evans and D. Williams -- Introduction -- Deserts as pulse-driven ecosystems -- Water uptake patterns by aridland plants -- Stomata! limitations as inferred from carbon isotope ratios -- Nitrogen sources -- Sensitivity of Colorado Plateau arid land ecosystems to invasions -- Conclusions -- References -- Section 5. Integration of marine ecosystems -- 15. Carbon stable isotope fractionation in marine systems: open ocean studies and laboratory studies /A.M. Johnston and H. Kennedy -- Introduction -- Open ocean studies -- Laboratory studies -- Recommendations for future research -- References -- 16. 15N and the assimilation of nitrogen by marine phytoplankton: the past, present and future? /N.J.P. Owens and L.J. Watts -- Introduction -- The past - a short historical review -- Natural abundance v tracer studies -- The present - methods and techniques -- The present - a discussion of results from recent studies -- The future - possible developments for 15N studies in biological oceanography -- Summary and conclusions -- References -- Section 6. The immediate past: the Holocene /17. Archaeological reconstruction using stable isotopes -- A.M. Pollard -- Introduction -- Isotope archaeology -- Dietary reconstruction using stable isotopes -- Isotopes and human mobility -- Summary -- References -- 18. Stable isotopes in tree ring cellulose /R. Switsur and J. Waterhouse -- Introduction -- Atmospheric carbon dioxide and carbon stable isotope ratios -- Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios -- References -- Section 7. Palaeoclimatic reconstructions from Precambrian to Quaternary -- 19. Phylogeny, palaeoatmospheres and the evolution of phototrophy /J.A. Raven -- Introduction -- The phylogeny of 02 -producing phototrophs and their carboxylases -- Timing of origin of taxa of 02-evolving phototrophs in relation to changes in atmospheric composition -- The contribution of IJC /12C measurements to our understanding of the evolution of phototrophy -- Is the IJCO, f 12C02 discrimination factor of RUBISCO subject to direct natural selection? -- Conclusions and prospects -- References -- 20. Modelling changes in land plant function over the Phanerozoic /D.j. Beerling and FI. Woodward -- Introduction -- Atmospheric evolution -- Phanerozoic changes in leaf function -- Terrestrial productivity in the Carboniferous -- Global patterns of leaf carbon isotope composition -- Concluding remarks -- References -- 21. Carbon isotopes, diets of North American equids, and the evolution of North American C4 grasslands /TE. Cerling, J.M. Harris and B.j. McFadden -- Introduction -- Sampling protocol and sources of material -- Transition to C4 diet in equids: occurrence of C4-dominated diets, hypsodonty, and the radiation of equid genera -- Geographical and temporal distribution of C4 grasses in North America -- Regional patterns and variations -- History of C4 grasses versus C4 grasslands in North America -- Equid diversity during the Neogene -- Global expansion of C4 ecosystems -- Summary and implications -- References -- 22. Carbon isotopes in lake sediments and peats of last glacial age: implications for the global carbon cycle /FA. Street-Perrott, Y Huang, R.A. Perrott and G. Eglinton -- Introduction -- The carbon cycle at the LGM -- Carbon-isotope data on total organic matter from lake sediments and peats -- Molecular-isotopic analyses: a case study from Sacred Lake, Mt. Kenya -- Influence of source carbon, fractionation and transformation on 13C record of last glaciation -- Conclusions -- References -- Section 8. Climate change, the hydrological cycle and atmospheric processes -- 23. Stable isotopes, the hydrological cycle and the terrestrial biosphere /J.R. Gat -- Introduction -- Hydrological processes at the land /atmosphere interface -- The isotope signature imposed by processes at the surface on the hydrological cycle -- The effect of the plant cover on the hydrological cycle -- Conclusions -- References -- 24. The 18O /16O isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 and its role in global carbon cycle research /P Ciais and HA.J. Meijer -- General introduction and outline -- The 180 / 1"0 isotope ratio of atmospheric CO2 : basic features -- A very simple model for the concentration, the &13C and the &180 of atmospheric CO2 -- Towards a realistic model of 31 '0 in atmospheric CO2 : calculation of the surface fluxes -- Results and discussion of 3D model -- Conclusions -- References -- Index.
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: New York : Garland Science
• Publication Date: 2020
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 577.14; Stable isotopes; Stable isotopes in ecological research
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781000144635
• Related ISBNs: 9781000102321; 9781000119497; 9781003076865
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