Evidence and hypothesis in clinical medical science. (2020)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: John Alexander Pinkston.
• Authors: Pinkston, John Alexander
• Contents: 1. Introduction1.1 Aims and Motivation1.2 Overview of the Following ChaptersReferences 2. Theories of Confirmation in which Hypotheses do not have Probabilities2.1 Hypothetico-Deductivism2.2 Hempel's "Satisfaction" Theory2.3 Mayo's Error-Statistical TheoryReferences 3. Theories of Confirmation in which Hypotheses have Probabilities, and Inference to the Best Explanation3.1 General3.2 Bayesianism3.3 Achinstein's Theory of Evidence3.4 Inference to the Best Explanation 3.4.1 What is an Explanation?3.4.2 Evidence, Hypothesis, and Explanation in Clinical Medical ScienceReferences 4. Confirmation of Hypotheses in Clinical Medical Science4.1 General4.2 Therapeutic Hypotheses4.2.1 Controlled Trials4.2.2 N of 1 Trials4.3 Etiologic Hypotheses4.3.1 Cohort Studies4.3.2 Case-Control Studies4.3.3 Cross-Sectional Studies4.3.4 Remarks on the Challenges of Etiologic Research4.4 Diagnostic HypothesesReferences 5. A Weight of Evidence Account5.1 General5.2 Some Threats to Accuracy5.2.1 Selection Bias5.2.2 Information Bias5.2.3 Confounding 5.3 How is the Weight of Evidence Determined?5.3.1 Cochrane Systematic Reviews5.3.2 IARC Reviews5.4 How is the Weight of Evidence Quantified?5.5 The Importance of AccuracyReferences 6. The Weight of Evidence Account Defended6.1 General6.2 Current Theories of Evidence are Unsatisfactory for Clinical Medical Science6.3 The Weight of Evidence Account Remedies Deficiencies in other Accounts6.4 The Weight of Evidence Account Explains the Case Studies6.5 The Weight of Evidence Account Explains Efforts to Rank EvidenceReferences 7. Justification for the Hierarchical Pyramid of Evidence-Based Medicine and a Defense of Randomization7.1 General7.2 The Evolution of Treatments for Early Breast Cancer7.2.1 Background7.2.2 Early Studies7.2.3 Controlled Trials in Clinical Medical Science Revisited7.2.4 RCTs in Early Breast Cancer7.3 Is Randomization Necessary?7.4 A Defense of Randomization7.5 Analysis of Evidence in Studies of Treatment for Early Breast Cancer7.6 Some Issues in Generalizing the Results of RCTs in Clinical Medical Science7.7 Why the Hierarchical Pyramid of EBM is JustifiedReferences 8. Ethics and Evidence: Is Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials Necessary to Firmly Establish a New Therapy?8.1 General8.2 ECMO8.2.1 Background and RCTs of ECMO8.2.2 Were the ECMO RCTs Necessary?8.3 Carcinoma of the Anal Canal 8.4 Disseminated Carcinoma of the Testis8.5 ConclusionsReferences Index.
• Publisher Details: Cham : Springer
• Publication Date: 2020
• Copyright Date: 2020
• Extent: 1 online resource (152 pages)
• Subjects: 610.1; Medicine -- Philosophy; Medical ethics; Ethics, Medical; Medical ethics; Medicine -- Philosophy
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9783030442705
• Related ISBNs: 9783030442699
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.