A Textbook of Modern Toxicology. (2011)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Ernest Hodgson.
• Editors: Hodgson, Ernest
• Contents: PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION xxi CONTRIBUTORS xxiii PART I INTRODUCTION 1 1. Introduction to Toxicology 3 ; Ernest Hodgson 1.1 Definition and Scope 3 1.2 Relationship to Other Sciences 9 1.3 A Brief History of Toxicology 10 1.4 Dose–Response Relationships 11 1.5 Sources of Toxic Compounds 12 1.6 Movement of Toxicants in the Environment 12 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 13 Sample Questions 14 2. Introduction to Biochemical and Molecular Methods in Toxicology 15 ; Ernest Hodgson, Gerald A. Leblanc, Sharon A. Meyer, and Robert C. Smart 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Cell Culture Techniques 15 2.3 Molecular Techniques 19 2.4 Immunochemical Techniques 23 2.5 Proteomics 26 2.6 Metabolomics 26 2.7 Bioinformatics 26 2.8 Summary and Conclusions 27 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 27 Sample Questions 27 PART II CLASSES OF TOXICANTS 29 3. Exposure Classes, Toxicants in Air, Water, Soil, Domestic, and Occupational Settings 31 ; W. Gregory Cope 3.1 Air Pollutants 31 3.2 Water and Soil Pollutants 38 3.3 Occupational Toxicants 42 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 46 Air Pollutants 46 Water and Soil Pollutants 47 Occupational Toxicants 47 Sample Questions 47 4. Classes of Toxicants: Use Classes 49 ; W. Gregory Cope and Ernest Hodgson 4.1 Introduction 49 4.2 Metals 49 4.3 Agricultural Chemicals (Pesticides) 55 4.4 Food Additives and Contaminants 65 4.5 Toxins 66 4.6 Solvents 71 4.7 Therapeutic Drugs 71 4.8 Drugs of Abuse 72 4.9 Combustion Products 72 4.10 Cosmetics 74 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 74 General 74 Metals 74 Pesticides 75 Toxins 75 Solvents 75 Therapeutic Drugs 75 Sample Questions 75 PART III TOXICANT PROCESSING IN VIVO 77 5. Absorption and Distribution of Toxicants 79 ; Ronald E. Baynes and Ernest Hodgson 5.1 Introduction 79 5.2 Cell Membranes 80 5.3 Mechanisms of Transport 82 5.4 Physicochemical Properties Relevant to Diffusion 87 5.5 Routes of Absorption 90 5.6 Toxicant Distribution 99 5.7 Toxicokinetics 108 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 112 Sample Questions 113 6. Metabolism of Toxicants 115 ; Ernest Hodgson and Randy L. Rose 6.1 Introduction 115 6.2 Phase I Reactions 116 6.3 Phase II Reactions 143 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 154 Sample Questions 155 7. Reactive Metabolites 157 ; Ernest Hodgson and Randy L. Rose 7.1 Introduction 157 7.2 Activation Enzymes 158 7.3 Nature and Stability of Reactive Metabolites 160 7.4 Fate of Reactive Metabolites 161 7.5 Factors Affecting Toxicity of Reactive Metabolites 162 7.6 Reactive Oxygen Species 163 7.7 Examples of Activating Reactions 164 7.8 Summary and Conclusions 170 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 171 Sample Questions 171 8. Chemical and Physiological Effects on Xenobiotic Metabolism 173 ; Andrew D. Wallace and Ernest Hodgson 8.1 Introduction 173 8.2 Nutritional Effects 173 8.3 Physiological Effects 176 8.4 Comparative and Genetic Effects 182 8.5 Chemical Effects 191 8.6 Environmental Effects 207 8.7 Summary and Conclusions 209 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 210 Sample Questions 211 9. Elimination of Toxicants 213 ; Gerald A. Leblanc 9.1 Introduction 213 9.2 Transport 215 9.3 Renal Elimination 216 9.4 Hepatic Elimination 217 9.5 Respiratory Elimination 220 9.6 Conclusion 221 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 221 Sample Questions 222 PART IV TOXIC ACTION 223 10. Acute Toxicity 225 ; Gerald A. Leblanc 10.1 Introduction 225 10.2 Acute Exposure and Effect 225 10.3 Dose–Response Relationships 227 10.4 Nonconventional Dose–Response Relationships 229 10.5 Alternative Methods 230 10.6 Mechanisms of Acute Toxicity 231 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 236 Sample Questions 236 11. Chemical Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis 237 ; Robert C. Smart 11.1 DNA Damage and Mutagenesis 237 11.2 General Aspects of Cancer 239 11.3 Human Cancer 242 11.4 Classes of Agents That Are Associated with Carcinogenesis 251 11.5 General Aspects of Chemical Carcinogenesis 254 11.6 Oncogenes 259 11.7 Tumor Suppressor Genes 262 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 264 Sample Questions 264 12. Teratogenesis 265 ; Jill A. Barnes and Ida M. Washington 12.1 Introduction 265 12.2 Overview of Embryonic Development 266 12.3 Principles of Teratogenesis 268 12.4 Mechanisms of Teratogenesis 268 12.5 Future Considerations 272 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 272 Sample Questions 272 PART V ORGAN TOXICITY 275 13. Hepatotoxicity 277 ; Andrew D. Wallace and Sharon A. Meyer 13.1 Introduction 277 13.2 Susceptibility of the Liver 279 13.3 Types of Liver Injury 279 13.4 Mechanisms of Hepatotoxicity 283 13.5 Examples of Hepatotoxicants 285 13.6 Metabolic Activation of Hepatotoxicants 288 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 289 Sample Questions 289 14. Nephrotoxicity 291 ; Joan B. Tarloff and Andrew D. Wallace 14.1 Introduction 291 14.2 Factors Contributing to Nephrotoxicity 292 14.3 Examples of Nephrotoxicants 293 14.4 Summary 301 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 301 Sample Questions 302 15. Toxicology of the Nervous System 303 ; Bonita L. Blake 15.1 Introduction 303 15.2 The Nervous System 303 15.3 Toxicant Effects on the Nervous System 312 15.4 Neurotoxicity Testing 317 15.5 Summary 321 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 322 Sample Questions 322 16. Reproductive System 323 ; Heather Patisaul 16.1 Introduction 323 16.2 The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis 324 16.3 Male Reproductive Physiology 326 16.4 Disruption of Male Reproduction By Toxicants 330 16.5 Female Reproductive Physiology 332 16.6 Disruption of Female Reproduction by Toxicants 335 16.7 Summary 341 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 341 Sample Questions 343 17. Endocrine Toxicology 345 ; Gerald A. Leblanc 17.1 Introduction 345 17.2 Endocrine System 345 17.3 Endocrine Disruption 352 17.4 Incidents of Endocrine Toxicity 358 17.5 Conclusion 361 Bibliography and Suggested Reading 362 Sample Questions 362 18. Respiratory Toxicology 363 ; Jam
• Edition: 4th
• Publisher Details: Wiley
• Publication Date: 2011
• Extent: 1 online resource (672 pages)
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781118211298
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.