Chromatography : Basic Principles, Sample Preparations and Related Methods.: Basic Principles, Sample Preparations and Related Methods. (2013)

• Record Type: Book
• Other Names: Lundanes, Elsa; Reubsaet, Lon; Greibrokk, Tyge; Reubsaet, Léon; ProQuest (Firm)
• Contents: Chromatography: Basic Principles, Sample Preparations and Related Methods -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 General Concepts -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Migration and Retention -- 1.2.1 General -- 1.2.2 Mobile and Stationary Phases -- 1.2.3 Chromatograms -- 1.2.4 Retention Factor -- 1.3 Band Broadening -- 1.3.1 Eddy Diffusion -- 1.3.2 Longitudinal Diffusion -- 1.3.3 Resistance to Mass Transfer -- 1.3.4 Combined Band Broadening in a Column -- 1.3.5 Band Broadening outside the Column -- 1.4 Measuring Column Efficiency -- 1.4.1 Plate Numbers -- 1.4.2 Coupling Columns -- 1.4.3 Plate Height -- 1.4.3.1 Reduced Plate Height -- 1.4.4 Effective Plate Number -- 1.4.5 Asymmetry -- 1.5 Resolution -- 1.5.1 Increasing the Resolution -- 1.6 Peak Capacity -- 1.7 Two-Dimensional Systems -- 1.8 Increased Performance -- References -- 2 Gas Chromatography -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Mobile Phase/Carrier Gas -- 2.3 Injection Systems -- 2.3.1 Packed Column Injector (Evaporation Injector) -- 2.3.2 Injection Systems for Capillary Columns -- 2.3.2.1 Split Injection -- 2.3.2.2 Splitless Injection -- 2.3.2.3 On-Column Injection -- 2.3.2.4 Large-Volume Injectors -- 2.3.2.5 Headspace Techniques -- 2.4 Columns -- 2.4.1 Packed Columns -- 2.4.2 Open Tubular Columns -- 2.5 Detectors -- 2.5.1 Introduction -- 2.5.2 Thermal Conductivity Detector -- 2.5.3 Flame Ionization Detector -- 2.5.4 Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector -- 2.5.5 Electron Capture Detector -- 2.5.6 Mass Spectrometry -- 2.5.6.1 Positive Ionization -- 2.5.6.2 Negative Ionization -- 2.5.6.3 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) Interfacing -- 2.5.7 Other Detectors -- 2.5.7.1 The Flame Photometric Detector -- 2.5.7.2 The Chemiluminescent Detector -- 2.5.7.3 The Electrolytic Conductivity Detector -- 2.5.7.4 The Photoionization Detector -- 2.5.7.5 The Atomic Emission Detector -- 2.5.7.6 Fourier Transform Infrared Detector. 2.6 Stationary Phases -- 2.6.1 GSC -- Adsorption Chromatography -- 2.6.2 GLC -- Partition Chromatography -- 2.6.2.1 Matrix -- 2.6.2.2 Choosing the Stationary Phase -- 2.6.2.3 Types of Stationary Phases in GLC -- 2.6.2.4 Stationary Phase (Film) Thickness -- 2.6.2.5 Temperature -- 2.7 Two-Dimensional Separations -- 2.8 Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses -- 2.9 Derivatization -- References -- 3 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Solvents and Solvent Delivery -- 3.2.1 Maintenance -- 3.2.2 Automation -- 3.3 Injection -- 3.3.1 Techniques -- 3.3.1.1 Constant Volume Injection -- 3.3.1.2 Variable Volume Injection -- 3.3.1.3 Volumes and Precision -- 3.3.2 Dilution and Refocusing -- 3.3.2.1 Injection Volume Related to Solvent Elution Strength -- 3.3.2.2 Timed Injection -- 3.3.2.3 Carryover -- 3.3.2.4 Combination with Solid-Phase Extractors -- 3.3.3 Calculation of Maximum Injection Volumes -- 3.3.4 Calculating the Dilution of the Analyte in the Column -- 3.4 Columns -- 3.4.1 Packed Columns -- 3.4.1.1 Column Dimensions and Materials -- 3.4.1.2 Effect on Detection -- 3.4.1.3 Solvent Saving -- 3.4.1.4 Column Efficiency -- 3.4.1.5 Column Lifetime -- 3.4.1.6 Peak Shapes -- 3.4.1.7 Flow and Backpressure -- 3.4.1.8 Conventional Totally Porous Particles -- 3.4.1.9 Core-Shell Particles -- 3.4.1.10 Ultrahigh-Pressure LC (UHPLC or UPLC) -- 3.4.2 Monolithic Columns -- 3.4.3 Microchip Columns -- 3.4.4 Open Tubular Columns -- 3.4.5 Temperature Control -- 3.4.6 Preparative LC and Flash Chromatography -- 3.5 Stationary Phases and Their Properties in HPLC -- 3.5.1 Normal-Phase Materials for Adsorption Chromatography -- 3.5.1.1 Separation Principles -- 3.5.1.2 Silica -- 3.5.1.3 Alumina, Titania, and Zirconia -- 3.5.1.4 Silica with Bonded Polar Functional Groups -- 3.5.1.5 Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC). 3.5.1.6 Carbon Materials -- 3.5.2 Reversed-phase Materials -- 3.5.2.1 Separation Principles -- 3.5.2.2 Retention -- 3.5.2.3 The Solvation Parameter Model -- 3.5.2.4 Silica-based Reversed-phase Materials -- 3.5.2.5 Hybrid Materials and Hydrosilated Materials -- 3.5.2.6 Organic Polymer-based Materials -- 3.5.2.7 Ion Pair Chromatography on Reversed-Phase Columns -- 3.5.2.8 Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography -- 3.5.3 Ion Exchange Materials -- 3.5.3.1 Elution -- 3.5.3.2 Retention -- 3.5.4 Chromatofocusing -- 3.5.4.1 Ion Chromatography for Inorganic Ions -- 3.5.5 Size Exclusion Materials -- 3.5.5.1 Separation Principles -- 3.5.5.2 Materials -- 3.5.5.3 Mobile Phases -- 3.5.6 Materials for Chiral Separations -- 3.5.6.1 Separation Principle -- 3.5.6.2 Materials -- 3.5.7 Affinity Materials -- 3.5.7.1 Separation Principle -- 3.5.7.2 Affinity Materials for Chromatography and Microarrays -- 3.6 Detectors -- 3.6.1 UV Detection -- 3.6.1.1 Some Common Chromophores -- 3.6.1.2 Choosing the Right Wavelength -- 3.6.1.3 Flow Cells -- 3.6.1.4 Filter Photometric Detection -- 3.6.1.5 Spectrophotometric Detection -- 3.6.1.6 Diode Array Detectors -- 3.6.2 Mass Spectrometric Detection -- 3.6.2.1 Electrospray Ionization -- 3.6.2.2 Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization -- 3.6.2.3 Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization -- 3.6.2.4 Inductively Coupled Plasma Ionization -- 3.6.2.5 Mass Analysis -- 3.6.2.6 The Quadrupole Mass Analyzers -- 3.6.2.7 The Ion Trap Analyzers -- 3.6.2.8 The Time-of-Flight Analyzers -- 3.6.2.9 The FTMS Analyzers -- 3.6.2.10 Fragmentation in Mass Spectrometry -- 3.6.3 Fluorescence Detection -- 3.6.3.1 Filter Fluorimeters -- 3.6.3.2 Spectrofluorimeters -- 3.6.3.3 Chemiluminescence Detection -- 3.6.4 Electrochemical Detection -- 3.6.4.1 Amperometric Detection -- 3.6.4.2 Coulometric Detector -- 3.6.5 Light Scattering Detection. 3.6.6 Refractive Index Detection -- 3.6.7 Other Detectors -- 3.6.7.1 The Conductivity Detector -- 3.6.7.2 The Corona Discharge Detector -- 3.6.7.3 Radioactivity Detectors -- 3.6.7.4 Ion Mobility Spectrometry -- 3.6.7.5 Chemiluminescent Nitrogen Detector -- 3.6.7.6 Chirality Detection -- 3.7 Increased Performance -- 3.7.1 Speed -- 3.7.2 Efficiency -- 3.7.3 Resolution -- 3.7.4 Detection -- 3.7.5 Column Lifetime -- References -- 4 Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sample Application -- 4.3 Stationary Phases -- 4.3.1 TLC versus HPTLC -- 4.3.2 Adsorbents -- 4.3.3 Chemically Bonded Phases -- 4.4 Mobile Phases -- 4.5 Elution and Development -- 4.5.1 Vertical Linear Development -- 4.5.2 Horizontal Development -- 4.5.3 Two-Dimensional Development -- 4.5.4 Gradient Development -- 4.5.5 Overpressured Layer Chromatography (OPLC) -- 4.6 Rf Value -- 4.7 Detection -- 4.7.1 Instrumental Detection -- 4.7.2 TLC-MS -- 5 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Mobile Phases -- 5.2.1 CO2 as Mobile Phase -- 5.2.2 Mobile Phase Delivery -- 5.3 Gradient Elution -- 5.4 Injection -- 5.5 Columns -- 5.6 Restrictors -- 5.7 Detectors -- 5.8 Current Performance -- References -- 6 Electrophoresis and Potential-Driven Chromatography -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Theory -- 6.2.1 Secondary Effects -- 6.2.2 Electroosmosis -- 6.3 Gel Electrophoresis Techniques -- 6.3.1 Gels -- 6.3.1.1 Polyacrylamide Gels -- 6.3.1.2 Agarose Gels -- 6.3.2 Instrumentation -- 6.3.2.1 Sample Application -- 6.3.2.2 Separation -- 6.3.2.3 Detection -- 6.3.3 Zone Electrophoresis -- 6.3.4 Isoelectric Focusing -- 6.3.5 Two-Dimensional Separations -- 6.3.6 Selected Applications -- 6.3.6.1 Protein Separations -- 6.3.6.2 Separation of DNA/RNA -- 6.4 Capillary Electrophoresis -- 6.4.1 Instrumentation -- 6.4.1.1 High-Voltage Supply -- 6.4.1.2 Capillaries. 6.4.1.3 Sample Introduction -- 6.4.1.4 Detection -- 6.4.2 CE Zone Electrophoresis -- 6.4.3 Other CE Separation Principles -- 6.4.3.1 Isoelectric Focusing -- 6.4.3.2 Gel Electrophoresis in CE -- 6.4.3.3 Gel-Free Sieving -- 6.4.3.4 Isotachophoresis -- 6.4.4 Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography (MEKC) -- 6.5 Potential-Driven Chromatography (Electrochromatography -- CEC) -- 6.5.1 Instrumentation -- 6.5.2 Mobile Phases -- 6.5.3 Columns and Stationary Phases -- 6.5.4 CEC in Separation Science -- References -- 7 Chromatography on a Chip -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Sample Introduction -- 7.3 Columns and Stationary Phases -- 7.3.1 Open Channel Columns -- 7.3.2 Packed Columns -- 7.3.3 Monolithic Columns -- 7.3.4 COMOSS -- 7.4 Flow Management -- 7.5 Detection -- Reference -- 8 Field-Flow Fractionation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Types of FFF -- 8.2.1 Flow FFF -- 8.2.2 Thermal FFF -- 8.2.3 Sedimentation FFF -- 8.3 Applications -- Reference -- 9 Sample Preparation -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.1.1 Recovery -- 9.1.2 Enrichment -- 9.2 Liquid-Liquid Extraction -- 9.2.1 Back Extraction -- 9.3 Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) -- 9.3.1 Normal Phase -- 9.3.2 Reversed Phase -- 9.3.3 Ion Exchange -- 9.3.4 Mixed-Mode Ion Exchange -- 9.3.5 MIP -- 9.3.6 RAM -- 9.3.7 SPE Hardware -- 9.3.7.1 Disks -- 9.4 SPME -- 9.4.1 Adsorption/Extraction -- 9.4.2 Desorption/Injection -- 9.4.2.1 SPME-GC -- 9.4.2.2 SPME-HPLC -- 9.4.3 SPME Fiber Materials and Extraction Parameters -- 9.4.3.1 pH -- 9.4.3.2 Ionic Strength -- 9.4.3.3 Water and Organic Solvents -- 9.4.3.4 Temperature -- 9.4.3.5 Agitation -- 9.4.3.6 Extraction Time -- 9.5 Protein Precipitation -- 9.6 Membrane-Based Sample Preparation Techniques -- 9.6.1 Microdialysis -- 9.6.1.1 Perfusion Flow Rate -- 9.6.1.2 Diameter and Length -- 9.6.1.3 Cutoff -- 9.6.1.4 Membrane Chemistry -- 9.6.1.5 Application of Microdialysis.
• Publisher Details: Somerset : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
• Publication Date: 2013
• Copyright Date: 2013
• Extent: 1 online resource (217 pages)
• Subjects: 543.8; Chromatographic analysis; Chromatography -- Methods; Chromatographic analysis; Electronic books
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9783527675227; 3527675221
• Related ISBNs: 9783527336203
• Notes: Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.