Pesticides in Crop Production : Physiological and Biochemical Action /: Physiological and Biochemical Action. (2020)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Prabhat Kumar Srivastava, Vijay Pratap Singh, Anita Singh, Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, Samiksha Singh, Sheo Mohan Prasad, Devendra Kumar Chauhan.
• Editors: Srivastava, Prabhat Kumar; Singh, Vijay Pratap; Singh, Anita; Tripathi, Durgesh Kumar; Singh, Samiksha; Prasad, Sheo Mohan; Chauhan, Devendra Kumar
• Contents: List of Contributors xiii Preface xix 1 Development of Pesticide Resistance in Pests: A Key Challenge to the Crop Protection and Environmental Safety 1; Subramani Pandian and Manikandan Ramesh 1.1 Resistance: The Introduction 1 1.2 Pesticide Resistance: A Global Analysis 2 1.3 Molecular Genetics and Biochemical Basis of Pesticide Resistance 2 1.4 Changes in Pesticide Binding Sites 2 1.5 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors 3 1.6 GABA Receptors and Other Ligand-gated Chloride Channels 4 1.7 Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels 4 1.8 Insecticidal Microbial Toxins 5 1.9 Biotransformation 6 1.10 Acetylcholinesterase 6 1.11 Esterases 7 1.12 Carboxylesterases (B-Esterases) 7 1.13 Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases 8 1.14 Glutathione S-Transferases 8 1.15 Other Resistance Mechanisms 9 References 9 2 Fungicide Toxicity to Legumes and Its Microbial Remediation: A Current Perspective 15; Mohammad Shahid, Mohammad Saghir Khan and Almas Zaidi 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Nutritional Importance of Legumes 16 2.3 Fungal Diseases of Legumes: A General Perspective 17 2.4 Types of Fungicides and Their Mode of Action 17 2.5 Fungicides Uptake, Metabolism and Their Persistence 20 2.6 Phytotoxicity of Fungicides to Legumes: A General Perspective 21 2.7 Impact of Fungicides on Plant Growth 21 2.8 Effect on Symbiosis and Yield 23 2.9 Effect on Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Rates 24 2.10 Fungicide Toxicity to Legume Rhizobium Symbiosis 25 2.10.1 Effect on Nodulation 25 2.10.2 Effect of Fungicides on Nitrogenase and Leghaemoglobin 25 2.10.3 Effect on Dry Biomass 26 2.11 Microbial Remediation of Fungicide Toxicity 26 2.12 Concluding Remarks 28 References 28 3 Pesticide Metabolism in Plants, Insects, Soil Microbes and Fishes: An Overview 35; Anket Sharma, Vinod Kumar, Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli, Ravdeep Kaur, Tajinder Kaur, Saroj Arora, Ashwani Kumar Thukral and Renu Bhardwaj 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Metabolism of Pesticides in Plants 36 3.3 Metabolism of Pesticides in Insects 39 3.4 Metabolism of Pesticides in Soil Microbes 41 3.5 Metabolism of Pesticides in Fishes 43 3.6 Conclusion 45 References 45 4 Bioaccumulation of Pesticides and Its Impact on Biological Systems 55; Shubhra Gupta and Kapil Gupta 4.1 Introduction 55 4.2 Dispersion of Pesticides into the Environment 56 4.3 Behavior of Pesticides in Soil 57 4.4 Bioaccumulation and Biomagnifications of Pesticide 58 4.4.1 Bioaccumulation of Pesticides in Plants 59 4.4.2 Bioaccumulation of Pesticides in Animals 60 4.4.3 Bioaccumulation of Pesticides in Human and Toxicity 61 4.5 Regulatory Activity 62 4.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 62 References 63 5 Impact of Pesticide Exposure and Associated Health Effects 69; Jyoti Upadhayay, Mahendra Rana, Vijay Juyal, Satpal Singh Bisht and Rohit Joshi 5.1 Introduction 69 5.2 History of Evolution of Pesticides 70 5.3 Pesticides Regulations 70 5.4 Impact on Environment 71 5.5 Impact on Human Health 72 5.5.1 Pesticide Exposure 72 5.5.1.1 Pesticide Exposure Routes in Humans 72 5.5.1.2 Acute Toxicity of Pesticides 72 5.5.1.3 Neurobehavioral Effects After Acute Toxicity 74 5.5.1.4 Chronic Toxicity of Pesticides 74 5.5.1.5 Disruption of Endocrine System 74 5.5.2 Carcinogenicity 76 5.5.2.1 Neurological and Neuro-developmental Effects 78 5.5.2.2 Parkinson’s Disease (PD) 78 5.5.2.3 Immunologic Effects 78 5.5.2.4 Reproductive Effects 78 5.5.2.5 Estrogenic Effects of Pesticides on Human Estrogen-Sensitive Cells 79 5.5.2.6 Diethyl Stilbestrol (DES) Syndrome (Model for Estrogenic Chemicals Exposure in the Environment) 79 5.5.2.7 Developmental Effects 79 5.6 Other Health Problems 80 5.6.1 Eye Problems 80 5.6.2 Respiratory Problems 80 5.6.3 Determination of Pollution Potential of Pesticides 80 5.7 Conclusion 81 References 82 6 Microbiome as Sensitive Markers for Risk Assessment of Pesticides 89; Upma Singh, Varsha Ashok Walvekar and Shilpi Sharma 6.1 Introduction 89 6.2 The Rhizosphere 90 6.3 Effect of Chemical Pesticides on Soil Microbial Communities 91 6.4 Effect of Pesticides on Plant Growth Parameters as a Result of Impact on Microbiome 95 6.5 Impact of Safer Alternatives, Biological Pesticides 96 6.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 102 Acknowledgment 102 References 102 7 Arms Race between Insecticide and Insecticide Resistance and Evolution of Insect Management Strategies 109; Pritam Chattopadhyay and Goutam Banerjee 7.1 Introduction 109 7.2 Different Types of Insecticide 110 7.3 Different Types of Insecticide Resistance 116 7.3.1 Cross Insecticide Resistance 116 7.3.2 Multiple Insecticide Resistance 116 7.3.3 Stable Insecticide Resistance 116 7.3.4 Unstable Insecticide Resistance 116 7.4 Reasons for Insecticide Resistance 117 7.5 Mechanisms of Insecticide Resistance 118 7.5.1 Alterations in Insecticide Detoxification Capacity 118 7.5.2 Alteration of Toxin-Receptor Interactions 118 7.5.3 Alterations in Detoxification Metabolism 119 7.5.4 Alterations in Insecticide Penetration 119 7.5.5 Other Potential Mechanisms of Resistance 119 7.5.5.1 Induced Resistance 119 7.5.5.2 Behavioral Resistance 119 7.6 Factors Influencing Insecticide Resistance 119 7.6.1 Biological and Ecological Factors 120 7.6.2 Genetic Factors 121 7.6.3 Operational Factors 122 7.7 Managing Pesticide Resistance 122 7.7.1 Insecticide Resistance Database 122 7.7.2 Chemical Use Strategies for Resistance Management 122 7.7.2.1 Management by Moderation 122 7.7.2.2 Management by Multiple Attacks 123 7.7.2.3 Management by Saturation 123 7.7.3 Reactive Resistance Management 123 7.7.4 Proactive Resistance Management 123 7.7.5 Resistance Management as a Component of IPM 123 7.8 Technical Strategies to Combat Insecticide Resistance 123 7.8.1 Searching and Characterizing New and Novel Insecticide 123 7.8.2 Amending Biocontrol 124 7.8.3 Exploring Novel Insect Pest Resistant Varieties 124 7.8.3.1 Plant Immunity and Insect Resistance 124 7.8.4 Combining Known Insecticides in Appropriate Proportion 124 7.8.5 Modifying Known Insecticidal Toxins 125 7.9 Future Perspective 125 Acknowledgments 125 Conflict of Interest 125 References 126 8 Agricultural Herbicides and Fungi in Soil Exposed to Herbicides 131; Barberis Carla, Magnoli Carina, Carranza Cecilia, Benito Nicolás and Aluffi Melisa 8.1 Introduction 131 8.2 General Aspects of Main Herbicides 132 8.2.1 Clodinafop Propargyl 132 8.2.2 Toxicity of CF 132 8.2.3 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid 133 8.2.3.1 Toxicity of 2, 4-D 133 8.2.4 Glyphosate 133 8.2.4.1 Toxicity of GP 133 8.2.5 Atrazine 134 8.2.5.1 Toxicity of Atrazine 134 8.2.6 Metolachlor 135 8.2.6.1 Toxicity of Metolachlor 135 8.2.7 Diuron 136 8.2.7.1 Toxicity of Diuron 136 8.2.8 Imazapyr 137 8.2.8.1 Toxicity of Imazapyr 137 &lt
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Wiley
• Publication Date: 2020
• Extent: 1 online resource (312 pages)
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119432234
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.