Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management : Achieving Triple Net-Zero Adverse Impact Goals and Resiliency of Future Communities /: Achieving Triple Net-Zero Adverse Impact Goals and Resiliency of Future Communities. (2020)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Vladimir Novotny.
• Authors: Novotny, Vladimir
• Contents: Preface xi Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management 1 1 Sustainability Goals for Urban Water and Solid Waste Systems 3 1.1 Introduction to Urban Sustainability 3 1.2 Historic and Current Urban Paradigms 8 Paradigms of Urbanization 9 1.3 Global Climate Changes 14 1.4 Need for a Paradigm Shift to Sustainability 16 1.5 Population Increase, Urbanization, and the Rise of Megalopolises 19 Waste Accumulation 23 Brief Outlook Toward the Future 23 1.6 What is a Sustainable Ecocity? 24 Impact of Global Warming and Continuing Overuse of Resources 28 The UN 2015 Resolution of Sustainability 28 2 The New Paradigm of Urban Water, Energy, and Resources Management 31 2.1 The Search for a New Paradigm 31 2.2 From Linear to Hybrid Urban Metabolism 33 Circular Economy 37 2.3 Urban Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Change 40 Engineering and Infrastructure Hazards and Disaster Resilience 42 Socioecological or Governance Resilience 48 3 Goals and Criteria of Urban Sustainability 51 3.1 Review of Existing Sustainability Criteria 51 LEED Criteria for Buildings and Subdivisions 53 Triple Net-Zero (TNZ) Goals 54 Water Footprint 56 GHG (Carbon Dioxide) Net-Zero Footprint Goal 58 Water/Energy Nexus 60 Ecological Footprint 60 3.2 Zero Solid Waste to Landfill Goal and Footprint 61 Landfill Gas (LFG) 64 Exporting Garbage 68 Swedish Recycling Revolution 68 3.3 Importance of Recycling versus Combusting or Landfilling 69 4 Origin of Hydrogen Energy, GHG Emissions, and Climatic Changes 73 4.1 Introduction to Energy 73 Energy Definitions and Units 73 Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) 76 4.2 Hydrogen Energy 79 Blue and Green Sources of Hydrogen on Earth 79 Hydrogen as a Source of Energy 84 Vision of Hydrogen Role in the (Near) Future 89 4.3 Carbon Dioxide Sequestering and Reuse 91 Stopping the Atmospheric CO2 Increase and Reversing the Trend 91 Sequestering CO2 93 Non-CCUS Reuse of Carbon Dioxide 96 Recycling 97 4.4 Solar and Wind Blue Power 98 Solar Power 98 Wind Power 103 Green and Blue Energy Storage 106 4.5 Food/Water/Energy/Climate Nexus 108 4.6 World and US Energy Outlook 110 5 Decentralized Hierarchical Urban Water, Used Water, Solids, and Energy Management Systems 117 5.1 Economy of Scale Dogma Forced Centralized Management 45 Years Ago 117 5.2 Distributed Building and Cluster Level Designs and Management 119 Cluster or Neighborhood Level Water and Energy Recovery 121 5.3 Flow Separation: Gray Water Reclamation and Reuse 126 Tap a Sewer, Keep the Liquid, and Sell the Solids 132 Integrated District Water and Energy Providing Loop 136 Energy Savings and GHG Reduction by Gray Water Reuse in Clusters 137 6 Biophilic Sustainable Landscape and Low Impact Development 141 6.1 Urban Nature and Biophilic Designs 141 Biophilic Designs 142 6.2 Low-Impact Development 144 Classification of LID (SUDS) Practices 149 6.3 Restoring, Daylighting, and Creating Urban Water Bodies 165 Stream Restoration 165 Waterscapes 169 Vertical Forests and Systems 170 6.4 Biophilic Urban Biomass Management and Carbon Sequestering 171 Lawns and Grass Clippings 172 Other Vegetation 172 7 Building Blocks of the Regional Integrated Resources Recovery Facility (IRRF) 175 7.1 Traditional Aerobic Treatment 175 GHG Emissions from Traditional Regional Water/Resources Recovery Facilities 178 7.2 Energy-Producing Treatment 179 Anaerobic Digestion and Decomposition 179 Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatment and Energy Recovery (Use) Processes 182 Acid Fermentation and Its Hydrogen Production 184 Anaerobic Treatment 188 7.3 Triple Net-Zero: COF Future Direction and Integrated Resource Recovery Facilities 189 Goals of the Future IRRFs and Enabling Technologies 190 Energy Recovery in a Centralized Concept with Anaerobic Treatment and Digestion as the Core Technology 192 Anaerobic Energy Production and Recovery Units and Processes 194; ; High Rate Anaerobic Treatment Systems 195 7.4 Co-Digestion of Sludge with Other Organic Matter 203 7.5 Conversion of Chemical and Sensible Energy in Used Water into Electricity and Heat 207 8 Integrating Gasification and Developing an Integrated “Waste To Energy” Power Plant 211 8.1 Traditional Waste-to-Energy Systems 211 Incineration 212 Heat Energy to Dry the Solids 215 8.2 Pyrolysis and Gasification 216 Gasification of Digested Residual Used Water Solids with MSW 218 Gasification of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) 221 8.3 Converting Biogas to Electricity 232 Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) to Syngas and Then to Hydrogen 234 8.4 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) and Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) 235 Increasing Hydrogen Energy Production 236 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) 236 Modifications of MFCs to MECs for Hydrogen Production 238 Hybrid Fermentation and the MEC System 241 8.5 Hydrogen Yield Potential by Indirect Gasification 242 Sources of Energy Hydrogen 244 Maximizing Hydrogen Energy Yield by Selecting the Proper Technologies 251 8.6 Hydrogen Fuel Cells 249 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) 250 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) 253 Producing Hydrogen and Oxygen by Electrolysis 254 Gas Separation 256 8.7 The IRRF Power Plant 257 Hydrogen-CO2 Separator 260 Carbon Dioxide Sequestering in an IRRF 262 Carbon Dioxide Capture and Concentration by the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell 264 9 Nutrient Recovery 265 9.1 The Need to Recover, Not Just Remove Nutrients 265 9.2 Biological Nutrient Removal and Recovery 267 Traditional Nutrient Removal Processes 267 Anammox 268 Phosphorus Biological Removal and Limited Recovery 270 MEC Can Recover Struvite 272 9.3 Unit Processes Recovering Nutrients 273 Urine Separation 273 Nutrient Separation 274 Phytoseparation of Nutrients 275 Chemical Removal and Recovery of Nutrients 283 Phosphorus Flow in the Distributed Urban System 285 Nutrients in Gasifier Ash 286 10 Building the Sustainable Integrated System 291 10.1 Assembling the System 291 Concepts, Building Blocks, and Inputs 291 10.2 Upgrading Traditional Systems to Cities of the Future 295 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Plan 295 Danish Billund BioRefinery 296 Integrating MSW 299 10.3 Visionary Mid-Twenty-First Century Regional Resource Recovery Alternative 304 The Power Plant 309 10.4 Water–Energy Nexus and Resource Recovery of Three Alternative Designs 311 Three Alternatives 311 Inputs to the Analyses 315 CO2 /Kw-h Ratio for the Alternatives 319 Discussion and Results 321 11 Closing the Quest Toward Triple Net-Zero Urban Systems 337 11.1 Community Self-Reliance on TMZ System for Power and Recovering Resources 337 11.2 Economic Benefits and Approximate Costs of the 2040+ Integrated Water/Energy/MSW Management 341 Cost of Green and Blue Energies is Decreasing 342 11.3 Can It Be Done in Time to Save the Earth from Irreversible Damage? 349 Political-Economical Tools 349 The Process to Achieve the Goals 351 References 357 Index 385
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Wiley
• Publication Date: 2020
• Extent: 1 online resource (416 pages)
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119593669
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.