Surface science : foundations of catalysis and nanoscience /: foundations of catalysis and nanoscience. (2020)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Kurt W. Kolasinski, West Chester University, PA, USA.
• Authors: Kolasinski, Kurt W
• Contents: Dedication i Preface ii Surface Science: Fundamentals of Catalysis and Nanoscience 1 Introduction 1 I.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis 2 I.2 Why surfaces? 4 I.3 Where are surfaces, interfaces and nanoscale objects important? 5 I.3.1 Ammonia Synthesis 5 I.3.2 Gas-to-Liquids: Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, C1 Chemistry & Artificial Photosynthesis 6 I.3.3 Clean Propulsion Three-way Catalyst, Lithium ion batteries, fuel cells 7 I.3.4 Water Splitting: Oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER) 8 I.4 Semiconductor Processing and Nanotechnology 9 I.5 Other Areas of Relevance 12 I.6 Structure of the Book 12 Further Reading 14 References 14 Chapter 1. Surface and Adsorbate Structure 2 1.1 Clean Surface Structure 3 1.1.1 Ideal flat surfaces 3 1.1.2 High index and vicinal planes 9 1.1.3 Faceted Surfaces 10 1.1.4 Bimetallic Surfaces 11 1.1.5 Oxide and Compound Semiconductor Surfaces 13 1.1.6 The Carbon Family: Diamond, Graphite, Graphene, Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes 17 1.1.7 Two-Dimensional Solids (2D solids) 26 Advanced Topic: Stacked Two-Dimensional Materials and Moiré Superlattices 28 1.1.8 Porous Solids 31 1.2 Reconstruction and adsorbate structure 34 1.2.1 Implications of surface heterogeneity for adsorbates 34 1.2.2 Clean Surface Reconstructions 37 1.2.3 Adsorbate induced reconstructions 39 1.2.4 Islands 45 1.2.5 Chiral surfaces 45 1.3 Band structure of solids 48 1.3.1 Bulk electronic states 48 1.3.2 Metals, semiconductors and insulators 50 1.3.3 Energy levels at metal interfaces 57 1.3.4 Energy Levels at Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces 61 1.3.5 Surface electronic states 64 1.3.6 Size effects in nanoscale systems 67 1.4 The vibrations of solids 71 1.4.1 Bulk systems 71 1.4.2 Nanoscale systems 73 1.5 Summary of important concepts 74 1.6 Frontiers and Challenges 75 1.7 Further Reading 76 1.8 Exercises 77 References 81 Chapter 2. Experimental Probes and Techniques 2 2.1 Ultrahigh vacuum 2 2.1.1 The need for UHV 2 2.1.2 Attaining UHV 4 2.2 Light and electron sources 6 2.2.1 Types of lasers 7 2.2.2 Atomic lamps 10 2.2.3 Synchrotrons 10 2.2.4 Free electron laser (FEL) 11 2.2.5 Electron guns 11 2.3 Molecular beams 12 2.3.1 Knudsen molecular beams 13 2.3.2 Free jets 15 2.2.3 Comparison of Knudsen and Supersonic Beams 18 2.4 Scanning probe techniques 22 2.4.1 Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) 23 2.4.2 Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) 29 2.4.3 Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) 32 2.4.4 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 32 2.4.5 Near-field optical microscopy (NSOM) 39 2.5 Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) 46 Advanced Topic: LEED structure determination 51 2.6 Electron spectroscopy 57 2.6.1 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 59 2.6.1.1 Quantitative analysis 64 2.6.2 Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) 66 2.6.2.1 Angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission (ARUPS) 69 Advanced Topic: Multiphoton photoemission (MPPE) 73 2.6.3 Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) 75 2.6.3.1 Quantitative analysis 78 2.6.4 Photoelectron microscopy 81 2.6.4.1 Profiling and xy mapping with XPS 81 2.6.4.2 Depth profiling and xy mapping with AES 82 2.6.4.3 Photoemission electron microscope (PEEM) 82 2.7 Vibrational spectroscopy 83 2.7.1 IR spectroscopy 88 2.7.2 Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) 94 2.7.2.1 Three scattering mechanisms 96 2.8 Second Harmonic and Sum Frequency Generation 97 2.9 Summary of important concepts 101 2.10 Frontiers and challenges 102 2.12 Further reading 103 2.13 Exercises 104 References 112 Chapter 3. Chemisorption, Physisorption and Dynamics 1 3.1 Types of interactions 1 3.2 Binding sites and diffusion 3 3.3 Physisorption 9 Advanced Topic: Theoretical Description of Physisorption 9 3.4 Non-dissociative chemisorption 11 3.4.1 Theoretical treatment of chemisorption 11 3.4.2 The Blyholder model of CO chemisorption on a metal 17 3.4.3 Molecular oxygen chemisorption 21 3.4.4 The binding of ethene 22 3.5 Dissociative chemisorption: H2 on a simple metal 25 3.6 What determines the reactivity of metals? 28 3.7 Atoms and molecules incident on a surface 34 3.7.1 Scattering channels 35 3.7.2 Non-activated adsorption 38 3.7.3 Hard cube model 42 3.7.4 Activated adsorption 46 3.7.5 Direct versus precursor mediated adsorption 48 3.8 Microscopic reversibility in ad/desorption phenomena 51 3.9 The influence of individual degrees of freedom on adsorption and desorption 59 3.9.1 Energy exchange 59 3.9.2 PES topography and the relative efficacy of energetic components 62 3.10 Translations, corrugation, surface atom motions 63 3.10.1 Effects on adsorption 63 3.10.2 Connecting adsorption and desorption with microscopic reversibility 68 3.10.3 Normal energy scaling 70 3.11 Rotations and adsorption 72 3.11.1 Non-activated adsorption 72 3.11.2 Activated adsorption 76 3.12 Vibrations and adsorption 76 3.13 Competitive adsorption and collision induced processes 78 3.13.1 High energy collisions 82 3.14 Classification of reaction mechanisms 84 3.14.1 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 84 3.14.2 Eley-Rideal mechanism 87 3.14.3 Hot atom mechanism 89 3.15 Measurement of sticking coefficients 91 3.16 Summary of Important Concepts 97 3.17 Frontiers and challenges 99 3.18 Further Reading 100 3.19 Exercises 101 References 113 Table of Figures and Tables iii Chapter 4. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Adsorption & Desorption 5 4.1 Thermodynamics of ad/desorption 2 4.1.1 Single-particle versus distribution-averaged quantities 2 4.1.2 Binding energies and activation barriers 5 4.1.3 Thermodynamic quantities 8 4.1.4 Some definitions 9 4.1.5 Absorption enthalpy 11 4.2 Adsorption isotherms from thermodynamics 15 4.2.1 Adsorbate chemical potential and activity 19 4.3 Lateral interactions 21 4.4 Rate of desorption 24 4.4.1 First-order desorption 25 4.4.2 Transition state theory treatment of first-order desorption 26 4.4.3 Thermodynamic treatment of first-order desorption 33 4.4.4 Adsorption entropy 36 4.4.5 Configurational entropy 40 4.4.6 Non-first-order desorption 41 4.5 Kinetics of adsorption 44 4.5.1 CTST approach to adsorption kinetics 44 4.5.2 Langmuirian adsorption: Non-dissociative adsorption 45 4.5.3 Langmuirian adsorption: Dissociative adsorption 49 4.5.4 Dissociative Langmuirian adsorption with lateral interactions 50 4.5.5 Precursor mediated adsorption 52 4.6 Adsorption isotherms from kinetics 55 4.6.1 Langmuir Isotherm 55 4.6.2 Classification of adsorption isotherms 57 4.6.3 Thermodynamic measurements via isotherms 60 4.7 Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) 61 4.7.1 The basis of TPD 61 4.7.2 Qualitative analysis of TPD spectra 64 4.7.3 Quantitative analysis of TPD spectra 68 4.8 Summary of Important Concepts 72 4.9 Frontiers and Challenges 74 4.10 Further Reading
• Edition: Fourth edition
• Publisher Details: Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2020
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 541/.33; Surface chemistry; Surfaces (Physics); Catalysis; Nanoscience; Catalysis; Nanoscience; Surface chemistry; Surfaces (Physics); Electronic books
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119546610; 1119546613; 9781119546689; 1119546680
• Related ISBNs: 9781119546634
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
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