Population ecology in practice. (2019)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Brett K. Sandercock ; edited by Dennis L. Murray.
• Authors: Sandercock, Brett K (Brett Kevin), 1966-
• Editors: Murray, Dennis L (Dennis Lewis), 1964-
• Contents: Contributors xvii Preface xxi About the Companion Website xxiii Part I Tools for Population Biology 1 1 How to Ask Meaningful Ecological Questions 3; Charles J. Krebs 1.1 What Problems Do Population Ecologists Try to Solve? 3 1.2 What Approaches Do Population Ecologists Use? 6 1.2.1 Generating and Testing Hypotheses in Population Ecology 10 1.3 Generality in Population Ecology 11 1.4 Final Thoughts 12 References 13 2 From Research Hypothesis to Model Selection: A Strategy for Robust Inference in Population Ecology 17; Dennis L. Murray, Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau, Lynne E. Beaty, Megan L. Hornseth, Jeffrey R. Row and Daniel H. Thornton 2.1 Introduction 17 2.1.1 Inductive Methods 18 2.1.2 Hypothetico-deductive Methods 19 2.1.3 Multimodel Inference 20 2.1.4 Bayesian Methods 22 2.2 What Constitutes a Good Research Hypothesis? 22 2.3 Multiple Hypotheses and Information Theoretics 24 2.3.1 How Many are Too Many Hypotheses? 25 2.4 From Research Hypothesis to Statistical Model 26 2.4.1 Functional Relationships Between Variables 26 2.4.2 Interactions Between Predictor Variables 26 2.4.3 Number and Structure of Predictor Variables 27 2.5 Exploratory Analysis and Helpful Remedies 28 2.5.1 Exploratory Analysis and Diagnostic Tests 28 2.5.2 Missing Data 28 2.5.3 Inter-relationships Between Predictors 30 2.5.4 Interpretability of Model Output 31 2.6 Model Ranking and Evaluation 32 2.6.1 Model Selection 32 2.6.2 Multimodel Inference 36 2.7 Model Validation 39 2.8 Software Tools 41 2.9 Online Exercises 41 2.10 Future Directions 41 References 42 Part II Population Demography 47 3 Estimating Abundance or Occupancy from Unmarked Populations 49; Brett T. McClintock and Len Thomas 3.1 Introduction 49 3.1.1 Why Collect Data from Unmarked Populations? 49 3.1.2 Relative Indices and Detection Probability 50 3.1.2.1 Population Abundance 50 3.1.2.2 Species Occurrence 51 3.1.3 Hierarchy of Sampling Methods for Unmarked Individuals 52 3.2 Estimating Abundance (or Density) from Unmarked Individuals 53 3.2.1 Distance Sampling 53 3.2.1.1 Classical Distance Sampling 54 3.2.1.2 Model-Based Distance Sampling 57 3.2.2 Replicated Counts of Unmarked Individuals 61 3.2.2.1 Spatially Replicated Counts 61 3.2.2.2 Removal Sampling 63 3.3 Estimating Species Occurrence under Imperfect Detection 64 3.3.1 Single-Season Occupancy Models 65 3.3.2 Multiple-Season Occupancy Models 66 3.3.3 Other Developments in Occupancy Estimation 68 3.3.3.1 Site Heterogeneity in Detection Probability 68 3.3.3.2 Occupancy and Abundance Relationships 68 3.3.3.3 Multistate and Multiscale Occupancy Models 68 3.3.3.4 Metapopulation Occupancy Models 69 3.3.3.5 False Positive Occupancy Models 70 3.4 Software Tools 70 3.5 Online Exercises 71 3.6 Future Directions 71 References 73 4 Analyzing Time Series Data: Single-Species Abundance Modeling 79; Steven Delean, Thomas A.A. Prowse, Joshua V. Ross and Jonathan Tuke 4.1 Introduction 79 4.1.1 Principal Approaches to Time Series Analysis in Ecology 80 4.1.2 Challenges to Time Series Analysis in Ecology 82 4.2 Time Series (ARMA) Modeling 83 4.2.1 Time Series Models 83 4.2.2 Autoregressive Moving Average Models 83 4.3 Regression Models with Correlated Errors 87 4.4 Phenomenological Models of Population Dynamics 88 4.4.1 Deterministic Models 89 4.4.1.1 Exponential Growth 89 4.4.1.2 Classic ODE Single-Species Population Models that Incorporate Density Dependence 90 4.4.2 Discrete-Time Population Growth Models with Stochasticity 92 4.5 State-space Modeling 93 4.5.1 Gompertz State-space Population Model 94 4.5.2 Nonlinear and Non-Gaussian State-space Population Models 96 4.6 Software Tools 96 4.7 Online Exercises 97 4.8 Future Directions 97 References 98 5 Estimating Abundance from Capture-Recapture Data 103; J. Andrew Royle and Sarah J. Converse 5.1 Introduction 103 5.2 Genesis of Capture-Recapture Data 104 5.3 The Basic Closed Population Models: M0, Mt, Mb 104 5.4 Inference Strategies 105 5.4.1 Likelihood Inference 105 5.4.2 Bayesian Analysis 107 5.4.3 Other Inference Strategies 108 5.5 Models with Individual Heterogeneity in Detection 108 5.5.1 Model Mh 108 5.5.2 Individual Covariate Models 109 5.5.2.1 The Full Likelihood 109 5.5.2.2 Horvitz-Thompson Estimation 110 5.5.3 Distance Sampling 110 5.5.4 Spatial Capture-Recapture Models 110 5.5.4.1 The State-space 112 5.5.4.2 Inference in SCR Models 112 5.6 Stratified Populations or Multisession Models 112 5.6.1 Nonparametric Estimation 112 5.6.2 Hierarchical Capture-Recapture Models 113 5.7 Model Selection and Model Fit 113 5.7.1 Model Selection 113 5.7.2 Goodness-of-Fit 114 5.7.3 What to Do When Your Model Does Not Fit 115 5.8 Open Population Models 115 5.9 Software Tools 116 5.10 Online Exercises 117 5.11 Future Directions 118 References 119 6 Estimating Survival and Cause-specific Mortality from Continuous Time Observations 123; Dennis L. Murray and Guillaume Bastille-Rousseau 6.1 Introduction 123 6.1.1 Assumption of No Handling, Marking or Monitoring Effects 125 6.1.2 Cause of Death Assessment 125 6.1.3 Historical Origins of Survival Estimation 126 6.2 Survival and Hazard Functions in Theory 127 6.3 Developing Continuous Time Survival Datasets 130 6.3.1 Dataset Structure 131 6.3.2 Right-censoring 133 6.3.3 Delayed Entry and Other Time Considerations 133 6.3.4 Sampling Heterogeneity 134 6.3.5 Time-dependent Covariates 135 6.4 Survival and Hazard Functions in Practice 135 6.4.1 Mayfield and Heisey–Fuller Survival Estimation 135 6.4.2 Kaplan–Meier Estimator 136 6.4.3 Nelson–Aalen Estimator 138 6.5 Statistical Analysis of Survival 138 6.5.1 Simple Hypothesis Tests 138 6.5.2 Cox Proportional Hazards 139 6.5.3 Proportionality of Hazards 140 6.5.4 Extended CPH 142 6.5.5 Further Extensions 143 6.5.6 Parametric Models 143 6.6 Cause-specific Survival Analysis 144 6.6.1 The Case for Cause-specific Mortality Data 144 6.6.2 Cause-specific Hazards and Mortality Rates 145 6.6.3 Competing Risks Analysis 146 6.6.4 Additive Versus Compensatory Mortality 147 6.7 Software Tools 149 6.8 Online Exercises 149 6.9 Future Directions 149 References 151 7 Mark-Recapture Models for Estimation of Demographic Parameters 157; Brett K. Sandercock 7.1 Introduction 157 7.2 Live Encounter Data 158 7.3 Encounter Histories and Model Selection 159 7.4 Return Rates 163 7.5 Cormack–Jolly–Seber Models 164 7.6 The Challenge of Emigration 164 7.7 Extending the CJS Model 167 7.8 Time-since-marking and Transient Models 167 7.9 Temporal Symmetry Models 168 7.10 Jolly–Seber Mod
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Chichester : Wiley Blackwell
• Publication Date: 2019
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 577.88; Population biology
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119574620; 9781119574644
• Notes: Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.