Antibiotic drug resistance. (2019)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Edited by José-Luis Capelo-Martínez, Gilberto Igrejas.
• Editors: Capelo-Martínez, José-Luis; Igrejas, Gilberto
• Contents: List of Contributors xix Preface xxv About the Editors xxvii Part I Current Antibiotics and Their Mechanism of Action 1 1 Resistance to Aminoglycosides: Glycomics and the Link to the Human Gut Microbiome 3; Viviana G. Correia, Benedita A. Pinheiro, Ana Luísa Carvalho, and Angelina S. Palma 1.1 Aminoglycosides as Antimicrobial Drugs 3 1.1.1 The Structure of Aminoglycosides 5 1.1.2 Mechanisms of Action 8 1.2 Mechanisms of Resistance 10 1.2.1 Aminoglycoside‐Modifying Enzymes 10 1.2.2 Mutation or Modification of Ribosomal Target Sequences 13 1.2.3 Changes in Uptake and Efflux 14 1.3 Development of New AGAs: The Potential of Glycomics 16 1.3.1 Exploitation of Carbohydrate Chemistry to Study Structure–Activity Relationship of Aminoglycoside Derivatives 17 1.3.2 Aminoglycoside Microarrays to Screen Interactions of Antibiotics with RNAs and Proteins 18 1.4 Influence of the Human Microbiome in Aminoglycoside Resistance 20 1.4.1 The Effect of Antibiotic‐Induced Alterations 21 1.4.2 A Reservoir of Antibiotic Resistance 24 1.4.3 Strategies to Modulate the Human Microbiome 25 1.5 Conclusions and Outlook 26 Acknowledgments 27 References 28 2 Mechanisms of Action and of Resistance to Quinolones 39; José L. Martínez 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Mechanism of Action of Quinolones 40 2.3 Mutations in the Genes Encoding the Targets of Quinolones 41 2.4 Multidrug Efflux Pumps and Quinolone Resistance 42 2.5 Transferable Quinolone Resistance 43 2.6 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Its Uncommon Mechanisms of Resistance to Quinolones 46 Acknowledgments 47 References 47 3 Beta‐Lactams 57; Luz Balsalobre, Ana Blanco, and Teresa Alarcón 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Chemical Structure 58 3.3 Classification and Spectrum of Activity 59 3.3.1 Penicillins 59 3.3.2 Cephalosporins 61 3.3.3 Monobactams 63 3.3.4 Carbapenems 64 3.3.5 Beta‐Lactam Associated with Beta‐Lactamase Inhibitors 64 3.4 Mechanism of Action 66 3.5 Activity of Beta‐Lactams Against Multiresistant Bacteria 68 3.6 Conclusions 70 References 70 4 Glycopeptide Antibiotics: Mechanism of Action and Recent Developments 73; Paramita Sarkar and Jayanta Haldar 4.1 Introduction 73 4.2 Naturally Occurring Glycopeptide Antibiotics 75 4.3 Mechanism of Action of Glycopeptide Antibiotics 76 4.4 Resistance to Glycopeptides 78 4.5 Second‐Generation Glycopeptides 79 4.5.1 Telavancin 79 4.5.2 Dalbavancin 80 4.5.3 Oritavancin 80 4.6 Strategies to Overcome Resistance to Glycopeptides 81 4.6.1 Modifications That Enhance the Binding Affinity to Target Pentapeptide 81 4.6.2 Incorporation of Lipophilicity 85 4.6.3 Incorporation of Lipophilic Cationic Moieties to Impart Membrane Disruption Properties 86 4.6.4 Incorporation of Metal Chelating Moiety to Vancomycin to Impart New Mechanism of Action 88 4.7 Glycopeptides Under Clinical Trials 88 4.8 Glycopeptide Antibiotics: The Challenges 90 References 91 5 Current Macrolide Antibiotics and Their Mechanisms of Action 97; S. Lohsen and D.S. Stephens 5.1 Introduction 97 5.2 Structure of Macrolides 99 5.3 Macrolide Mechanisms of Action 101 5.4 Clinical Use of Macrolides 104 5.5 Next‐Generation Macrolides and Future Use 107 References 109 Part II Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance 119 6 Impact of Key and Secondary Drug Resistance Mutations on Structure and Activity of β‐Lactamases 121; Egorov Alexey, Ulyashova Mariya, and Rubtsova Maya 6.1 Introduction 121 6.2 Structure of the Protein Globule of TEM‐Type β‐Lactamases: Catalytic and Mutated Residues 122 6.2.1 Catalytic Site of β‐Lactamase TEM‐1 124 6.2.2 Mutations Causing Phenotypes of TEM‐Type β‐Lactamases 125 6.3 Effect of the Key Mutations on Activity of TEM‐Type β‐Lactamases 127 6.3.1 Single Key Mutations in TEM‐Type ESBLs (2be) 128 6.3.2 Combinations of Key Mutations in TEM‐Type ESBLs (2be) 130 6.3.3 Key Mutations in IRT TEM‐Type β‐Lactamases (2br) 131 6.3.4 Single Key Mutations in IRT TEM‐Type β‐Lactamases (2br) 131 6.3.5 Combinations of Key Mutations in IRT TEM‐Type β‐Lactamases (2br) 133 6.3.6 Combinations of Key ESBL and IRT Mutations in CMT TEM‐Type β‐Lactamases (2ber) 133 6.4 Effect of Secondary Mutations on the Stability of TEM‐Type β‐Lactamases 134 6.5 Conclusions 135 Abbreviations 136 References 137 7 Acquired Resistance from Gene Transfer 141; Elisabeth Grohmann, Verena Kohler, and Ankita Vaishampayan 7.1 Introduction 141 7.2 Horizonal Gene Transfer: A Brief Overview 143 7.2.1 Transformation 144 7.2.2 Transduction 144 7.2.3 Conjugation 145 7.3 Conjugative Transfer Mechanisms 145 7.3.1 Conjugative Transfer of Plasmids 146 7.3.2 Conjugative Transfer of Integrative Conjugative Elements 148 7.3.3 Conjugative Transfer of Other Integrative Elements 150 7.4 Antibiotic Resistances and Their Transfer 151 7.4.1 Dissemination of Carbapenem Resistance Among Bacterial Pathogens 151 7.4.2 Dissemination of Cephalosporin Resistance Among Bacterial Pathogens 153 7.4.3 Dissemination of Methicillin Resistance Among Bacterial Pathogens 153 7.4.4 Dissemination of Vancomycin Resistance Among Bacterial Pathogens 154 7.4.5 Dissemination of Fluoroquinolone Resistance Among Bacterial Pathogens 154 7.4.6 Dissemination of Penicillin and Ampicillin Resistance Among Bacterial Pathogens 155 7.5 Nanotubes Involved in Acquisition of Antibiotic Resistances 155 7.6 Conclusions and Outlook 156 Abbreviations 156 References 157 8 Antimicrobial Efflux Pumps 167; Manuel F. Varela 8.1 Bacterial Antimicrobial Efflux Pumps 167 8.1.1 Active Drug Efflux Systems 167 8.1.2 Secondary Active Drug Transporters 169 References 173 9 Bacterial Persistence in Biofilms and Antibiotics: Mechanisms Involved 181; Anne Jolivet‐Gougeon and Martine Bonnaure‐Mallet 9.1 Introduction 181 9.2 Reasons for Failure of Antibiotics in Biofilms 182 9.2.1 Failure of Antibiotics to Penetrate Biofilm: Active Antibiotics on the Biofilm 182 9.2.2 Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) 183 9.2.3 Horizontal Transfer of Encoding β‐Lactamase Genes 184 9.2.4 Influence of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotics on Biofilm 184 9.2.5 Small Colony Variants (SCVs), Persistence (Persisters), and Toxin–Antitoxin (TA) Systems 186 9.2.6 Quorum Sensing: Bacterial Metabolites 191 9.2.7 Extracellular DNA 191 9.2.8 Nutrient Limitation 192 9.2.9 SOS Inducers (Antibiotics and Others) 192 9.2.10 Hypermutator Phenotype 192 9.2.11 Multidrug Efflux Pumps 193 9.3 Usual and Innovative Means to Overcome Biofilm Resistance in Biofilms 193 9.3.1 Antibiotics (Bacteriocins) Natural and Synthetic Molecules: Phages 194 9.3.2 Efflux Pump Inhibitors 195 9.3.3 Anti‐Persisters: Quorum‐Sensing Inhibitors 195 9.3.4 Enzymes 196 9.3.5 Electrical Methods 196 9.3.6 Photodynamic Therapy 196 9.4 Conclusion 197 Acknowledgments 197 Conflict of Interest 197 References 197 Part III Socio-Economical Perspectives and Impact of AR 211 10 Sources of Antibiotic Resistance: Zoonotic, H
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2019
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 615.7922; Antibacterial agents; Drug resistance
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119282556
• Related ISBNs: 9781119282532
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