Freezing of lakes and the evolution of their ice cover. ([2015])

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Matti Leppäranta.
• Authors: Leppäranta, Matti
• Contents: Preface; Contents; 1 Introduction; 2 Freezing of Lakes; 2.1 Lake Types and Characteristics; 2.1.1 Classification and Geometry of Lakes; 2.1.2 Physical Properties of Lake Waters; 2.2 Weather and Climate; 2.2.1 General Regional Climate; 2.2.2 Air Pressure; 2.2.3 Precipitation; 2.2.4 Air Temperature, Humidity and Wind; 2.2.5 Radiation Balance; 2.3 Water Budget of Lakes; 2.3.1 General Form; 2.3.2 Inflow and Outflow; 2.3.3 Lake -- Atmosphere Water Fluxes; 2.3.4 Budgets of Impurities; 2.4 Ice-Covered Lakes; 2.4.1 Zonation of Freezing Lakes; 2.4.2 Seasonal Lake Ice Zone; 2.4.3 Lakes with Perennial Ice. 2.5 Lake Ice Climatology3 Structure and Properties of Lake Ice; 3.1 Ice Ih: The Solid Phase of Water on Earth; 3.1.1 Ice Crystal Structure; 3.1.2 Ice Nucleation; 3.1.3 Ice Formation in Lakes; 3.1.4 Physical Properties of Lake Ice; 3.2 Lake Ice Types and Stratigraphy; 3.2.1 Ice Structure Analysis; 3.2.2 Lake Ice Stratigraphy; 3.2.3 Snow Cover; 3.2.4 Case Study; 3.3 Impurities in Lake Ice Cover; 3.4 Light Transfer Through Ice Cover; 3.4.1 Solar Radiation; 3.4.2 Radiance and Irradiance; 3.4.3 Light Transfer in Ice-Covered Lakes; 3.5 Ice Mass Balance; 4 Thermodynamics of Seasonal Lake Ice. 4.1 Heat Budget of Lakes4.1.1 Total Heat Budget; 4.1.2 Solar Radiation; 4.1.3 Terrestrial Radiation; 4.1.4 Turbulent Heat Exchange with the Atmosphere; 4.1.5 Linearized Heat Flux; 4.2 Ice Growth and Melting; 4.2.1 Thermodynamic Principles; 4.2.2 Congelation Ice Growth; 4.2.3 Superimposed Ice Growth; 4.2.4 Frazil Ice Growth; 4.2.5 Ice Melting; 4.3 Analytic Models; 4.3.1 Basic Principles; 4.3.2 Congelation Ice; 4.3.2.1 Atmospheric Surface Layer as a Buffer; 4.3.2.2 Influence of Snow Cover on Congelation Ice Growth; 4.3.2.3 Heat Flux from the Lake Body; 4.3.3 Snow-Ice; 4.3.4 Frazil Ice. 4.3.5 Melting4.3.6 Multi-year Ice; 4.4 Numerical Models; 4.4.1 Structure of Models; 4.4.2 Quasi-steady Models; 4.4.3 Time-Dependent Models; 5 Mechanics of Lake Ice; 5.1 Rheology; 5.1.1 Stress; 5.1.2 Strain and Rotation; 5.1.3 Rheological Models; 5.2 Ice Cover as a Plate on Water Foundation; 5.2.1 Elastic Lake Ice Cover; 5.2.2 Viscous Behaviour of Lake Ice; 5.2.3 Thermal Cracking and Expansion; 5.2.4 Displacements in the Ice Cover; 5.3 Bearing Capacity of Ice; 5.4 Ice Forces; 5.4.1 Ice Load Problems; 5.4.2 Estimation of Ice Loads; 5.5 Drift Ice in Large Lakes; 5.5.1 Drift Ice Material. 5.5.2 Equations of Drift Ice Mechanics5.5.3 Static Ice Cover; 5.5.4 Models of Drift Ice Dynamics; 5.5.5 Ice Thickness and Compactness Profiles; 5.5.6 Numerical Modelling; 6 Proglacial Lakes; 6.1 Ice Sheets and Glaciers; 6.2 Epiglacial Lakes; 6.2.1 Occurrence of Epiglacial Lakes; 6.2.2 Physics of Epiglacial Lakes; 6.3 Supraglacial Lakes; 6.3.1 Occurrence of Supraglacial Lakes; 6.3.2 Structure of Supraglacial Lakes; 6.3.3 Thermodynamics of Supraglacial Lakes; 6.3.4 Case Study; 6.4 Subglacial Lakes; 6.4.1 Formation and Diversity; 6.4.2 Lake Vostok; 7 Lake Water Body in the Ice Season.
• Publisher Details: Heidelberg New York Chichester, UK : Springer Published in association with Praxis Publishing
• Publication Date: 2015
• Copyright Date: 2015
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 551.482; Ice on rivers, lakes, etc; Water temperature; SCIENCE -- Earth Sciences -- Geography; SCIENCE -- Earth Sciences -- Geology; Ice on rivers, lakes, etc; Water temperature; Earth Sciences; Earth System Sciences; Environmental Monitoring/Analysis; Ecosystems; Geophysics/Geodesy; Geoecology/Natural Processes; Freshwater & Marine Ecology; Electronic books
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9783642290817; 3642290817
• Related ISBNs: 9783642290800; 3642290809; 9783642290800
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references.; Note: Online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on Dec. 18, 2014).
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.