Recent advances in stem cells : from basic research to clinical applications /: from basic research to clinical applications. (2016)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Essam M. Abdelalim, editor.
• Editors: Abdelalim, Essam M
• Contents: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- About the Editor -- Chapter 1: Ethics and Patents in Stem Cell Research -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Stem Cell Research -- 1.2.1 Types of Stem Cells -- 1.2.2 History of Stem Cell Research -- 1.2.3 Ethics of Stem Cell Research -- 1.2.3.1 Ethics of Destroying Human Embryos for Research -- 1.2.3.2 Ethics of Using Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Research -- 1.2.3.3 Ethics of Creating Stem Cell Banks -- 1.3 US Governmental Guidelines on Stem Cell Research -- 1.4 Debates on Patenting of Stem Cells in the United States -- 1.4.1 Impediment to Research -- 1.4.2 Control of Stem Cells Market Through Broad Patents -- 1.5 Laws on Patent Eligibility of Stems Cells Worldwide -- 1.5.1 The US Law on Patent Eligibility of Stem Cells -- 1.5.2 The European Law on Patent Eligibility of Stem Cells -- 1.5.3 The UK Law on Patent Eligibility of Stem Cells -- 1.5.4 Australia, Canada, Germany, China, and Japan on Patent Eligibility of Stem Cells -- 1.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Stem Cells for Drug Screening -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 General Concepts About Stem Cells -- 2.1.2 Classification of Stem Cells -- 2.1.3 General Application of Stem Cells -- 2.2 Necessity for Alternative Tests Using Stem Cells -- 2.3 Production of Stem Cell-Derived Cell Types for Pharmacological and Toxicological Screening -- 2.3.1 Reprogramming -- 2.3.2 Differentiation Reproducibility of Stem Cells -- 2.3.3 Achieving Mature Phenotypes -- 2.3.4 Heterogeneity and Purification of PSCs-Derived Cells -- 2.4 Developmental Toxicity Screening Using ESCs -- 2.4.1 Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Test Validated by the European Center for Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) -- 2.4.2 Hand1-Luc EST Based on a Luciferase Reporter Assay -- 2.4.3 Limitations and Improvement of EST -- 2.4.4 False-Negative Effects Due to Species Differences. 2.5 Tissue-Specific Drug Screening Using iPSCs -- 2.5.1 Cardiotoxicity Test Using hSCs -- 2.5.2 Hepatotoxicity Test Using hSCs -- 2.5.3 Other Disease-Specific iPSCs -- 2.6 Future Directions -- 2.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Genome Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 3.1 Applications of Genome Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 3.1.1 Better Developmental Biology Models -- 3.1.2 Disease Modeling and Functional Genomics -- 3.1.3 Cell and Gene Therapy -- 3.2 Development of Genome Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 3.2.1 Conventional Strategies for Targeted Genome Editing in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 3.2.2 Engineered Endonuclease Technology for Improved Genome Editing -- 3.2.2.1 Zinc Finger Nucleases -- 3.2.2.2 Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) -- 3.2.2.3 Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) -- 3.2.3 Major Challenges in Improving Current Genome Editing Technologies -- 3.2.3.1 Maintaining Genome Integrity of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells After Genome Editing -- 3.2.3.2 Improving Homologous Recombination Efficiency -- 3.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 4: Pluripotent Stem Cells for Kidney Diseases -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 4.3 PSC Differentiation Methods -- 4.4 Mammalian Nephrogenesis -- 4.5 Differentiation of Mouse PSCs to Kidney Lineage Cells -- 4.6 Differentiation of Human PSCs to Kidney Lineage Cells -- 4.7 Pluripotent Stem Cells for Nephrotoxicity Testing -- 4.8 Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling of Kidney Diseases -- 4.9 Pluripotent Stem Cells for Bioengineering Kidney Tissue -- 4.10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Motor Neuron Diseases -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Differentiation of iPSC into Human Motoneurons -- 5.2.1 Generation of Spinal Motor Neurons. 5.2.2 Subtypes of Motoneurons Affected in SMA and ALS -- 5.3 Modeling of Spinal Muscular Atrophy -- 5.3.1 SMA -- 5.3.2 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) to Model SMA -- 5.4 Modeling of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- 5.4.1 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis -- 5.4.2 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) to Model ALS -- 5.5 Conclusion: The Perspective for Drug Discovery -- References -- Chapter 6: Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic beta Cells: From In Vitro Maturation to Clinical Application -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells into Pancreatic beta Cells -- 6.2.1 Differentiation into Definitive Endoderm -- 6.2.2 Differentiation into Pancreatic Progenitors -- 6.2.3 Differentiation into Endocrine Cells -- 6.2.4 Differentiation into Pancreatic beta Cells -- 6.3 Maturation of Pancreatic beta Cells -- 6.4 Patient-Specific Pluripotent Stem Cells for In Vitro Modeling of Diabetes -- 6.5 Therapeutic Application of Pluripotent Stem Cells in Diabetes -- 6.6 Conclusion and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 7: Clinical Applications of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cancer -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Discovery of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 7.2.1 Methods Used to Generate hiPSCs -- 7.3 Potential Clinical Applications of hiPSCs in Cancer -- 7.3.1 Use of iPSCs for Cancer Modeling -- 7.3.2 Generation of iPSCs from Cancer Cells -- 7.3.3 The Use of iPSCs for Drug Screening and Predictive Cytotoxicity -- 7.3.4 iPSCs and Cancer Immunotherapy -- 7.4 Considering Probability Models to Evaluate the Possible Use of the hiPSCs for Therapeutic Procedures -- 7.4.1 Probability: An Important Mathematical Concept in Clinical Research -- 7.4.2 Probability: Its Use to Evaluate hiPSCs for Therapeutic Procedures -- 7.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective -- References. Chapter 8: Banking of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells and Their Clinical Applications -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Cord Blood Banking -- 8.2.1 Donor Recruitment -- 8.2.2 Cord Blood Collection -- 8.2.3 Donor Mother Testing -- 8.2.4 Cord Blood Processing and Cryopreservation -- 8.2.5 Cord Blood Unit Listing -- 8.2.6 Cord Blood Unit Search, Selection, and Reservation -- 8.2.7 Cord Blood Unit Release and Distribution for Administration -- 8.3 Advantages of Using Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells -- 8.4 Umbilical Cord Blood Clinical Applications -- 8.4.1 Pediatric Cord Blood Transplantation -- 8.4.2 Adult Cord Blood Transplantation -- 8.5 Limitations of Using Umbilical Cord Blood Stem cells -- 8.5.1 Cord Blood Ex Vivo Expansion -- 8.5.2 Cord Blood Homing to Their Niches -- 8.6 Cord Blood and Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy -- 8.7 Cord Blood and Cerebral Palsy -- 8.8 Cord Blood and HIV Infection -- 8.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9: Interactions Between Multipotential Stromal Cells (MSCs) and Immune Cells During Bone Healing -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Inflammatory Phase -- 9.2.1 Neutrophils -- 9.2.2 Macrophages and Monocytes -- 9.2.3 NK Cells -- 9.2.4 Innate Lymphoid Cells -- 9.2.5 T and B Lymphocytes -- 9.2.6 Multipotential Stromal Cells -- 9.2.6.1 Source and Recruitment -- 9.2.6.2 The Early Role of MSCs During Inflammatory Phase -- 9.2.6.3 Priming of MSCs During Early Inflammatory Stage -- 9.2.6.4 The Late Role of MSCs During Inflammatory Phase -- Immunomodulation -- 9.2.7 The Summary of Inflammatory Phase -- 9.3 Repair Phase -- 9.3.1 MSCs -- 9.3.2 Macrophages -- 9.3.3 T and B Lymphocytes -- 9.3.4 Growth Factors and Cytokines -- 9.3.5 The Summary of the Repair Phase -- 9.4 Remodelling Phase -- 9.4.1 Cells -- 9.4.2 Soluble Factors and Cytokines -- 9.4.3 The Summary of Remodelling Phase of Bone Healing. 9.5 Intramembranous Healing -- 9.6 MSC-Immune Cell Interactions -- Implication in Defective Bone Healing -- 9.6.1 Neutrophils -- 9.6.2 Macrophages -- 9.6.3 NK Cells -- 9.6.4 T and B Lymphocytes -- 9.6.5 Cytokines -- 9.7 MSC-Immune Cell Interactions -- Therapeutic Implications to Fracture Repair -- 9.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 10: Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells for Bone Repair: Basic and Translational Aspects -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Isolation and In Vitro Expansion of hBMSCs -- 10.3 Isolation of Adult MSCs-Like Cells from Different Tissues -- 10.4 Phenotypic Characteristics of BMSCs -- 10.5 Use of hBMSCs in Therapy -- 10.6 Osteoblast Differentiation of BMSCs -- 10.7 Limiting Factors Affecting the Clinical Use of hBMSCs -- 10.7.1 Replicative Senescence -- 10.7.2 Phenotypic Heterogeneity of hBMSCs -- 10.8 Clinical Applications of hBMSCs in Bone Tissue Regeneration -- 10.8.1 Bone Tissue Engineering -- 10.8.1.1 Use of hBMSC for Craniofacial Bone Defect Regeneration -- 10.8.1.2 Use of hBMSC for Treatment of Bone Critical Size Defects and Non-healed Fractures -- 10.8.2 Use of hBMSC for Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head -- 10.8.3 Systemic BMSC Transplantation -- 10.9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 11: Neural Crest Stem Cells: A Therapeutic Hope Machine for Neural Regeneration -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Multipotency of NCCs -- 11.3 Neural Crest Stem/Progenitor Cells in Various Tissues -- 11.4 Neural Crest Stem Cells Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 11.5 Stem Cells and Neural Differentiation -- 11.5.1 Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Source of Neural Cells -- 11.5.2 Neural Differentiation of Adult (Somatic) Stem Cells and Pluripotent Stem Cells -- 11.6 Neural Crest Stem Cells and Neural Regeneration.
• Publisher Details: Switzerland : Humana Press
• Publication Date: 2016
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 616.02774; Medicine; Stem cells -- Therapeutic use; Regenerative medicine; MEDICAL / Clinical Medicine; MEDICAL -- Research; Regenerative medicine; Stem Cells; Medical -- General; Medical research; Electronic books
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9783319332703; 3319332708
• Related ISBNs: 9783319332680; 3319332686
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Online resource, title from PDF title page (EBSCO, viewed September 25, 2016)
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.