Adhesive Joints : Ageing and Durability of Epoxies and Polyurethanes /: Ageing and Durability of Epoxies and Polyurethanes. (2018)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Wulff Possart, Markus Brede.
• Editors: Possart, Wulff; Brede, Markus
• Contents: Preface xv Section A Initial State of Adhesive Joints 1 A.1 Adhesion and Interphases: The Basic Ideas in Brief 3 ; Wulff Possart A.1.1 Introductory Remarks and General Concepts 3 A.1.2 Fundamental Adhesive Interactions – the Microscopic Origin and Further Concepts 4 A.1.2.1 Physical Intermolecular Forces 4 A.1.2.1.1 Bi-Molecular Interactions 5 A.1.2.1.2 Physical Interactions Between Condensed Phases 9 A.1.2.2 Chemical Adhesion Mechanisms 11 A.1.2.2.1 A Brief Sketch of MO Theory 12 A.1.2.2.2 An Extension to Macromolecules and Solids – the Electron Band Structure 13 A.1.2.2.3 Chemical Reactions – General Aspects 14 A.1.2.2.4 Chemical Adhesion Mechanisms in Reactive Epoxies on Inorganic Solids 16 A.1.2.2.5 Chemical Adhesion Mechanisms in Reactive Polyurethanes on Inorganic Solids 18 A.1.2.3 The Electrostatic Component of Adhesion 21 A.1.2.3.1 Mobile Charge Carriers and the Electric Double Layer 22 A.1.2.3.2 Continuum Model for the Electric Double Layer Built of Mobile Electrons 23 A.1.2.4 Microscopic Adhesion Mechanisms – Co-action at the Phase Boundary 26 A.1.2.5 Mechanical Interlocking 27 A.1.3 The Interphase – Elemental State of the Adhesive–Adherend Phase Boundary 28 A.1.3.1 Polymer Adhesives on Impenetrable Solids 28 A.1.3.2 Polymerisation on Solids 32 A.1.3.3 The Contact Between Viscoelastic Polymers 34 A.1.4 Closing Remarks: Fundamental vs. Practical Adhesion 35 References 36 Further Readings 41 A.2 Adhesive Network Formation: Continuum Mechanical Modelling and Simulation 43 ; Gunnar Possart and Paul Steinmann A.2.1 Introduction 43 A.2.2 Phenomenological Observations in Polymer Curing 44 A.2.3 One-dimensional Linear Viscoelastic Curing at Small Strains 45 A.2.4 Three-dimensional Linear Viscoelastic Curing at Small Strains 52 A.2.5 Three-dimensional Curing at Large Strains 55 A.2.5.1 Elastic Simulation Framework and Thermodynamic Consistency 55 A.2.5.2 Elastic Neo-Hookean Curing Model 58 A.2.5.3 Viscoelastic Simulation Framework 59 A.2.5.4 Viscoelastic Neo-Hookean Curing Model 59 A.2.5.5 The Consideration of Curing Shrinkage 64 A.2.6 Material Parameter Evolutions During Curing 65 A.2.6.1 Shear Modulus/Second Lamé Parameter '�66 A.2.6.2 Poisson’s Ratio '�67 A.2.6.3 Bulk Modulus '�and First Lamé Parameter '�67 A.2.6.4 Relaxation Time T 68 A.2.6.5 Curing Shrinkage s 68 A.2.6.6 Degree of Cure 68 A.2.7 Epoxy–Ceramics Composite: Photoelasticity and Curing Shrinkage 69 Bibliography 73 A.3 Mechanical Interphases in Adhesive Joints: Characterisation Methods and FE-Simulations 79 ; Gunnar Possart and Paul Steinmann A.3.1 Introduction 79 A.3.2 High-Resolution Shear Testing by Scanning Electron Microscopy 84 A.3.2.1 Specimen Preparation and Experimental Set-up 84 A.3.2.2 Results and Discussion 88 A.3.2.3 FE-Simulations of Adhesive Layers with Interphases 91 A.3.2.3.1 Simulation Set-up and Mesh Dependency Study 92 A.3.2.3.2 Elastic Interphases 97 A.3.2.3.3 Elastoplastic Interphases 101 A.3.2.4 Can Curing Shrinkage Fake Interphases? 106 A.3.3 Nanoindentations Across Adhesive Joints 110 A.3.3.1 Introduction and Experimental Data 110 A.3.3.2 Determination of Stiffness and Hardness According to Oliver&Pharr 113 A.3.3.3 FE-Simulations of Nanoindentations Across Adhesive Joints 114 A.3.3.3.1 Simulation Set-up 114 A.3.3.3.2 Results and Discussion 117 A.3.4 Scanning Brillouin Microscopy 120 A.3.4.1 Introduction and Experimental Set-up 120 A.3.4.2 Results and Discussion 123 A.3.5 Conclusions and Outlook 126 Acknowledgements 128 Bibliography 128 A.4 Fracture Mechanics of Adhesive Joints 135 ; Markus Brede A.4.1 Introduction 135 A.4.2 Linear-elastic Fracture Mechanics 137 A.4.3 Fracture in Materials with Energy Dissipation 143 A.4.4 The Cohesive Zone Model and Fracture of Joints with Toughened Adhesives 145 A.4.5 The Micro-structure of Toughened Adhesives 156 A.4.6 Conclusions 161 Acknowledgements 162 References 162 Section B Artificial Ageing and Failure of Adhesive Joints 167 B.1 Ageing Phenomena in Polymers: A Short Survey 169 ; Alexander Herzig, Michael Johlitz and Alexander Lion B.1.1 What Is Ageing? A Brief Introduction to the Deterioration of Polymers 169 B.1.2 Different Types of Polymer Ageing 171 B.1.3 Experimental Investigations on the Ageing Behaviour of Polymers 181 B.1.4 Influence of Ageing on the Properties of Polymers 191 References 200 B.2 Continuum Modelling of Ageing Adhesive Joints 205 ; Stefan Diebels, Florian Goldschmidt and Frederik Scherff B.2.1 Outline 205 B.2.2 Continuum Mechanics of Single-phase Materials 206 B.2.2.1 Kinematics 206 B.2.2.2 Balance Equations 211 B.2.2.3 Constitutive Equations 214 B.2.2.4 Viscoelasticity 217 B.2.2.5 Example 220 B.2.3 Additional Fields 222 B.2.3.1 Diffusion of Tracers 223 B.2.3.2 Formation of Interphases 225 B.2.4 Summary 226 References 226 B.3 Crack Growth in Adhesive Joints: Balance of Energy for Mode I Crack Propagation 229 ; Olaf Hesebeck, Udo Meyer, Andrea Sondag and Markus Brede B.3.1 Introduction 229 B.3.1.1 Dissipation in TDCB Tests 230 B.3.1.2 New Approach 232 B.3.2 Estimate of Plastic Work Using Finite Element Simulation 233 B.3.2.1 Aim 233 B.3.2.2 Tensile Tests and Material Model 234 B.3.2.3 Choice of Modelling Method 237 B.3.2.4 Simulation and Evaluation of Plastic Strain Energy 238 B.3.2.5 Evaluation of TDCB Test Results Using the Simulation 244 B.3.3 TDCB Tests with Infrared Camera 248 B.3.3.1 Aim and Measurement Principle 248 B.3.3.2 Experimental Observations 249 B.3.3.3 Thermo-Elastic Effect 254 B.3.3.4 Estimate of Generated Heat 256 B.3.4 Discussion 258 B.3.4.1 Estimate of Energy Balance 258 B.3.4.2 Limits of Method and Possible Extensions 259 B.3.5 Summary 262 Acknowledgement 262 References 262 B.4 Joints with a Basic Epoxy Adhesive: Ageing Processes 265 <br />Léo Depollier, Jesus Ernesto Huacuja-Sánchez and Wulff Possart B.4.1 Introduction 265 B.4.2 Experimental Strategy 266 B.4.2.1 Basic Epoxy Adhesive 266 B.4.2.2 Metal Substrates 268 B.4.2.3 Sample Preparation 268 B.4.2.3.1 Bulk Specimens 268 B.4.2.3.2 Adhesive Joints 268 B.4.2.3.3 Epoxy Curing Protocol 269 B.4.2.3.4 Caloric Glass Transition in Cured EP65:35 270 B.4.2.4 Conditions of Artificial Ageing 271 B.4.3 Water Diffusion in EP Bulk and Adhesive Joints 273 B.4.3.1 Diffusion in Basic Epoxy EP65:35 273 B.4.3.2 Water Concentration Profiles in Adhesive Joints 278 B.4.4 Mechanical Properties of Fresh and Aged Adhesive Joints 279 B.4.4.1 Tensile Tests for Dry Epoxy Bulk Samples 279 B.4.4.2 Shear Tests for Freshly Bonded Joints 280 B.4.4.3 Bonded Sample Stiffness and Glass Transition During Ageing 286 B.4.5 Chemical Ageing Processes 288 B.4.5.1 De-bonding due to Corrosion of the Metal Substrates 288 B.4.5.2 Chemical Ageing in Metal Joints Bonded with Basic Adhesive EP65:35 291 B.4.5.3 Chemical Ageing in EP65:35 Bonded Joints – Liquid Water Versus Moist Air 297 B.4.5.4 The Role of the Metal Surface 298 B.4.6 Chemical Agei
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Wiley-VCH
• Publication Date: 2018
• Extent: 1 online resource (360 pages)
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9783527803774
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.