AeroMACS : an IEEE 802.16 standard-based technology for the next generation of air transportation systems /: an IEEE 802.16 standard-based technology for the next generation of air transportation systems. (2018)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Behnam Kamali.
• Authors: Kamali, Behnam
• Contents: Preface xvii Acronyms xxv 1 Airport Communications from Analog AM to AeroMACS 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Conventional Aeronautical Communication Domains (Flight Domains) 2 1.3 VHF Spectrum Depletion 4 1.4 The ACAST Project 5 1.5 Early Digital Communication Technologies for Aeronautics 7 1.5.1 ACARS 7 1.5.2 VHF Data Link (VDL) Systems 8 1.5.2.1 Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN) 8 1.5.2.2 VDL Systems 8 1.5.3 Overlay Broadband Alternatives for Data Transmission 10 1.5.3.1 Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Overlay 11 1.5.3.2 Broadband VHF (B-VHF) 11 1.5.4 Controller–Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) 12 1.6 Selection of a Communications Technology for Aeronautics 14 1.7 The National Airspace System (NAS) 15 1.7.1 Flight Control 16 1.7.2 United States Civilian Airports 17 1.8 The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) 20 1.8.1 The NextGen Vision 22 1.8.2 NextGen Key Components and Functionalities 22 1.9 Auxiliary Wireless Communications Systems Available for the Airport Surface 25 1.9.1 Public Safety Mobile Radio for Airport Incidents 26 1.9.1.1 Public Safety Communications (PSC) Systems Architecture and Technologies 26 1.9.1.2 Public Safety Allocated Radio Spectrum 27 1.9.1.3 700 MHz Band and the First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet) 28 1.9.2 Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) Systems Applications for Airport Surface 30 1.10 Airport Wired Communications Systems 31 1.10.1 Airport Fiber-Optic Cable Loop System 34 1.10.2 Applications of CLCS in Airport Surface Communications and Navigation 35 1.11 Summary 36 References 36 2 Cellular Networking and Mobile Radio Channel Characterization 41 2.1 Introduction 41 2.2 The Crux of the Cellular Concept 42 2.2.1 The “Precellular” Wireless Mobile Communications Systems 43 2.2.2 The Core of the Cellular Notion 45 2.2.3 Frequency Reuse and Radio Channel Multiplicity 48 2.2.3.1 Co-Channel Reuse Ratio (CCRR), Cluster Size, and Reuse Factor 49 2.2.3.2 Signal to Co-Channel Interference Ratio (SIR) 50 2.2.3.3 Channel Allocation 55 2.2.4 Erlang Traffic Theory and Cellular Network Design 57 2.2.4.1 Trunking, Erlang, and Traffic 58 2.2.4.2 The Grade of Service 60 2.2.4.3 Blocked Calls Handling Strategies 60 2.2.4.4 Trunking Efficiency 62 2.2.4.5 Capacity Enhancement through Cell Splitting 64 2.2.4.6 Capacity Enhancement via Sectorization 67 2.3 Cellular Radio Channel Characterization 69 2.3.1 Cellular Link Impairments 69 2.3.2 Path Loss Computation and Estimation 71 2.3.2.1 Free-Space Propagation and Friis Formula 73 2.3.2.2 The Key Mechanisms Affecting Radio Wave Propagation 74 2.3.2.3 The Ray Tracing Technique 76 2.3.2.4 Ground Reflection and Double-Ray Model 76 2.3.2.5 Empirical Techniques for Path Loss (Large-Scale Attenuation) Estimation 81 2.3.2.6 Okumura–Hata Model for Outdoor Median Path Loss Estimation 82 2.3.2.7 COST 231-Hata Model 84 2.3.2.8 Stanford University Interim (SUI) Model: Erceg Model 85 2.3.2.9 ECC-33 Model 86 2.3.3 Large-Scale Fading: Shadowing and Foliage 87 2.3.3.1 Log-Normal Shadowing 88 2.3.3.2 Estimation of Useful Coverage Area (UCA) within a Cell Footprint 91 2.3.4 Small-Scale Fading: Multipath Propagation and Doppler Effect 94 2.3.4.1 Multipath Propagation 95 2.3.4.2 Double Path Example 97 2.3.4.3 Doppler Shift 99 2.3.4.4 Impulse Response of Multipath Channels 100 2.3.4.5 Delay Spread and Fading Modes 102 2.3.4.6 Methods of Combating Frequency-Selective Fading 103 2.3.4.7 Coherence Bandwidth and Power Delay Profiles (PDPs) 105 2.3.4.8 Frequency Flat Fading versus Frequency-Selective Fading 108 2.3.4.9 Frequency Dispersion and Coherence Time 109 2.3.4.10 Classification of Multipath Fading Channels 110 2.3.4.11 Probabilistic Models for Frequency Flat Fading Channels 112 2.3.4.12 Rayleigh Fading Channels 112 2.3.4.13 Rician Fading Channels 115 2.4 Challenges of Broadband Transmission over the Airport Surface Channel 117 2.5 Summary 118 References 119 3 Wireless Channel Characterization for the 5 GHz Band Airport Surface Area 123 3.1 Introduction 123 3.1.1 Importance of Channel Characterization 123 3.1.2 Channel Definitions 125 3.1.3 Airport Surface Area Channel 127 3.2 Statistical Channel Characterization Overview 129 3.2.1 The Channel Impulse Response and Transfer Function 129 3.2.2 Statistical Channel Characteristics 130 3.2.3 Common Channel Parameters and Statistics 133 3.3 Channel Effects and Signaling 134 3.3.1 Small-Scale and Large-Scale Fading 134 3.3.2 Channel Parameters and Signaling Relations 135 3.4 Measured Airport Surface Area Channels 137 3.4.1 Measurement Description and Example Results 137 3.4.2 Path Loss Results 141 3.5 Airport Surface Area Channel Models 143 3.5.1 Large/Medium-Sized Airports 144 3.5.2 Small Airports 144 3.6 Summary 144 References 147 4 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing and Multiple Access 151 4.1 Introduction 151 4.2 Fundamental Principles of OFDM Signaling 152 4.2.1 Parallel Transmission, Orthogonal Multiplexing, Guard Time, and Cyclic Extension 154 4.2.1.1 Cyclic Prefix and Guard Time 155 4.2.2 Fourier Transform-Based OFDM Signal 156 4.2.3 Windowing, Filtering, and Formation of OFDM Signal 157 4.2.4 OFDM System Implementation 159 4.2.5 Choice of Modulation Schemes for OFDM 160 4.2.6 OFDM Systems Design: How the Key Parameters are Selected 161 4.3 Coded Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing: COFDM 161 4.3.1 Motivation 162 4.3.2 System-Level Functional Block Diagram of a Fourier-Based COFDM 162 4.3.3 Some Classical Applications of COFDM 164 4.3.3.1 COFDM Applied in Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) 164 4.3.3.2 COFDM Applied in Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi): The IEEE 802.11 Standard 165 4.4 Performance of Channel Coding in OFDM Networks 167 4.5 Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access: OFDMA 169 4.5.1 Multiple Access Technologies: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, and OFDMA 171 4.5.2 Incentives behind Widespread Applications of OFDMA in Wireless Networks 175 4.5.3 Subchannelization and Symbol Structure 176 4.5.4 Permutation Modes for Configuration of Subchannels 178 4.5.4.1 The Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Problem 179 4.6 Scalable OFDMA (SOFDMA) 179 4.6.1 How to Select the OFDMA Basic Parameters vis-à-vis Scalability 180 4.6.2 Options in Scaling 182 4.7 Summary 183 References 184 5 The IEEE 802.16 Standards and the WiMAX Technology 189 5.1 Introduction to the IEEE 802.16 Standards for Wireless MAN Networks 190 5.2 The Evolution and Characterization of IEEE 802.16 Standards 193 5.2.1 IEEE 802.16-2004 Standard 193 5.2.2 IEEE 802.16e-2005 Standard 194 5.2.3 IEEE 802.16-2009 Standard 194 5.2.4 IEEE 802.16j Amendment 194 5.2.5 The Structure of a WirelessMAN Cell 195 5.2.6 Protocol Reference Model (PRM) for the IEEE 802.16-2009 Standard 197 5.3 WiMAX: an IEEE 802.16-Based Technology 200 5.3.1 Basic Features of WiMAX Systems 200 5.3.2 WiMAX Physical Layer Characterization 204 5.3.2.1 OFDMA and SOFDMA for WiMAX 205 5.3.2.2 Comparison of Duplexing Technologies: TDD versus FDD 206 5.3.2.3 Subchannelization for Mobile WiMAX 207 5.3.2.4 WiMAX TDD Frame Structure 211 5.3.2.5 Adaptive (Advanced) Modulation and Coding (AMC) 215 5.3.2.6 ARQ and Hybrid ARQ: Multilayer Error Control
• Publisher Details: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons
• Publication Date: 2018
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 629.136/6; Air traffic control -- Communication systems; Wireless communication systems; Radio in aeronautics; Air traffic control -- Communication systems; Radio in aeronautics; Wireless communication systems; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Engineering (General); Electronic books
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119281115; 1119281113; 9781119281122; 1119281121; 9781119281139
• Related ISBNs: 9781119281108; 111928113X
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.