Organic and molecular electronics : from principles to practice /: from principles to practice. (2018)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Michael C. Petty.
• Authors: Petty, Michael C
• Contents: Preface xv Acknowledgements xvii Symbols and Abbreviations xix About the Companion Website xxv 1 Scope of Organic and Molecular Electronics 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Organic Materials for Electronics 2 1.3 Molecular Electronics 4 1.3.1 Evolution of Microelectronics 5 1.3.2 Moore’s Laws 6 1.3.3 Beyond Moore 8 1.4 The Biological World 12 1.5 Future Opportunities 13 1.6 Conclusions 15 Problems 15 References 16 Further Reading 17 2 Materials’ Foundations 19 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Electronic Structure 20 2.2.1 Atomic Structure 20 2.2.2 Electrons in Atoms 20 2.2.3 Filling of Orbitals 24 2.2.4 The Periodic Table 25 2.3 Chemical Bonding 27 2.3.1 Bonding Principles 27 2.3.2 Ionic Bond 28 2.3.3 Covalent Bond 29 2.3.4 Metallic Bonding 33 2.3.5 Van der Waals Bonding 33 2.3.6 Hydrogen Bonding 34 2.4 Bonding in Organic Compounds 35 2.4.1 Hybridized Orbitals 35 2.4.2 Isomers 36 2.4.3 Double and Triple Bonds 40 2.5 Crystalline and Noncrystalline Materials 43 2.5.1 States of Matter 43 2.5.2 Phase Changes and Thermodynamic Equilibrium 44 2.5.3 The Crystal Lattice 45 2.5.4 Crystal Systems 45 2.5.5 Miller Indices 47 2.5.6 Distance between Crystal Planes 48 2.5.7 Defects 48 2.5.8 Amorphous Solids 52 2.6 Polymers 53 2.6.1 Molecular Weight 54 2.6.2 Polymer Structure 55 2.6.3 Polymer Crystallinity 56 2.7 Soft Matter: Emulsions, Foams, and Gels 58 2.8 Diffusion 59 Problems 60 Reference 60 Further Reading 60 3 Electrical Conductivity 63 3.1 Introduction 64 3.2 Classical Theory 64 3.2.1 Electrical Conductivity 65 3.2.2 Ohm’s Law 66 3.2.3 Charge Carrier Mobility 67 3.2.4 Fermi Energy 69 3.3 Energy Bands in Solids 71 3.3.1 Quantum Mechanical Foundations 71 3.3.2 Kronig‐Penney Model 77 3.3.3 Conductors, Semiconductors, and Insulators 81 3.3.4 Electrons and Holes 82 3.3.5 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Conduction 84 3.3.6 Quantum Wells 88 3.3.7 Disordered Semiconductors 89 3.3.8 Conductivity in Low‐Dimensional Solids 90 3.4 Organic Compounds 91 3.4.1 Band Structure 91 3.4.2 Doping 100 3.4.3 Solitons, Polarons, and Bipolarons 102 3.4.4 Superconductivity 103 3.5 Low‐Frequency Conductivity 105 3.5.1 Electronic Versus Ionic Conductivity 105 3.5.2 Quantum Mechanical Tunnelling 106 3.5.3 Variable Range Hopping 107 3.5.4 Fluctuation‐induced Tunnelling 109 3.5.5 Space‐Charge Injection 110 3.5.6 Schottky and Poole‐Frenkel Effects 111 3.6 Conductivity at High Frequencies 113 3.6.1 Complex Permittivity 113 3.6.2 Impedance Spectroscopy 116 Problems 118 References 118 Further Reading 120 4 Optical Phenomena 121 4.1 Introduction 121 4.2 Electromagnetic Radiation 122 4.3 Refractive Index 123 4.3.1 Permittivity Tensor 124 4.3.2 Linear and Nonlinear Optics 125 4.4 Interaction of EM Waves with Organic Molecules 127 4.4.1 Absorption Processes 127 4.4.2 Aggregate Formation 131 4.4.3 Excitons 132 4.4.4 Effect of Electric Fields on Absorption 133 4.4.5 Emission Processes 134 4.4.6 Energy Transfer 138 4.5 Transmission and Reflection from Interfaces 140 4.5.1 Laws of Reflection and Refraction 140 4.5.2 Fresnel Equations 140 4.5.3 Ellipsometry 142 4.5.4 Thin Films 142 4.5.5 Transmission through Conductive Thin Films 144 4.6 Waveguiding 145 4.7 Surface Plasmons 146 4.7.1 The Evanescent Field 147 4.7.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance 148 4.8 Photonic Crystals 151 4.8.1 Subwavelength Optics 153 Problems 155 References 155 Further Reading 156 5 Electroactive Organic Compounds 157 5.1 Introduction 157 5.2 Selected Topics in Chemistry 158 5.2.1 Moles and Molecules 158 5.2.2 Acids and Bases 158 5.2.3 Ions 160 5.2.4 Solvents 160 5.2.5 Functional Groups 163 5.2.6 Aromatic Compounds 163 5.2.7 Material Purity 165 5.3 Conductive Polymers 166 5.4 Charge‐Transfer Complexes 170 5.5 Graphene, Fullerenes, and Nanotubes 173 5.5.1 Graphene 173 5.5.2 Fullerenes 175 5.5.3 Carbon Nanotubes 177 5.6 Piezoelectricity, Pyroelectricity, and Ferroelectricity 180 5.6.1 Basic Principles 180 5.6.2 Organic Piezoelectric, Pyroelectric, and Ferroelectric Compounds 182 5.7 Magnetic Materials 185 5.7.1 Basic Principles 185 5.7.2 Organic Magnets 192 Problems 194 References 194 Further Reading 196 6 Tools for Molecular Electronics 197 6.1 Introduction 197 6.2 Direct Imaging 198 6.2.1 Optical Microscopy 198 6.2.2 Electron Microscopy 200 6.3 X‐Ray Reflection 202 6.3.1 Electron Density Profile 205 6.3.2 Kiessig Fringes 205 6.3.3 In‐plane Measurements 205 6.4 Neutron Reflection 206 6.5 Electron Diffraction 206 6.6 Infrared Spectroscopy 208 6.6.1 Raman Scattering 212 6.7 Surface Analytical Techniques 213 6.8 Scanning Probe Microscopies 214 6.9 Film Thickness Measurements 217 Problems 218 References 219 Further Reading 220 7 Thin Film Processing and Device Fabrication 221 7.1 Introduction 221 7.2 Established Deposition Methods 222 7.2.1 Spin‐coating 222 7.2.2 Physical Vapour Deposition 224 7.2.3 Chemical Vapour Deposition 231 7.2.4 Electrochemical Methods 232 7.2.5 Inkjet Printing 233 7.2.6 Spray-coating 235 7.2.7 Sol–Gel Processing 236 7.2.8 Other Techniques 238 7.3 Molecular Architectures 239 7.3.1 Langmuir–Blodgett Technique 239 7.3.2 Chemical Self‐Assembly 248 7.3.3 Electrostatic Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition 248 7.4 Micro‐and Nanofabrication 253 7.4.1 Photolithography 253 7.4.2 Nanometre Pattern Definition 254 7.4.3 Nanoimprint Lithography 255 7.4.4 Scanning Probe Manipulation 256 7.4.5 Dip‐Pen Nanolithography 258 7.4.6 Gravure Printing 259 7.4.7 Other Methods 259 Problems 260 References 260 Further Reading 263 8 Liquid Crystals and Devices 265 8.1 Introduction 265 8.2 Liquid Crystal Phases 266 8.2.1 Thermotropic Liquid Crystals 266 8.2.2 Lyotropic Liquid Crystals 269 8.3 Liquid Crystal Polymers 271 8.4 Display Devices 273 8.4.1 Birefringence 273 8.4.2 Freedericksz Transition 274 8.4.3 Twisted Nematic Display 275 8.4.4 Passive and Active Addressing 277 8.4.5 Full‐colour Displays 278 8.4.6 Super‐twisted Nematic Display 278 8.5 Ferroelectric +Liquid Crystals 279 8.6 Polymer‐dispersed Liquid Crystals 281 8.7 Liquid Crystal Lenses 282 8.8 Other Application Areas 283 &
• Edition: Second edition
• Publisher Details: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2018
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 621.381; Organic electronics; Molecular electronics
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781118879252
• Related ISBNs: 9781118879276
• Notes: Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
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