Highly efficient OLEDs : materials based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence /: materials based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence. (2018)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Edited by Hartmut Yersin.
• Editors: Yersin, H (Hartmut)
• Contents: Preface xv 1 TADF Material Design: Photophysical Background and Case Studies Focusing on Cu(I) and Ag(I) Complexes 1; Hartmut Yersin, Rafał Czerwieniec, Marsel Z. Shafikov, and Alfiya F. Suleymanova 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 TADF, Molecular Parameters, and Diversity of Materials 4 1.2.1 TADF and Phosphorescence 6 1.2.2 Minimizing ΔE(S1 –T1 ) 7 1.2.3 Importance of kr (S1 –S0 ) 7 1.3 Case Study: TADF of a Cu(I) Complex with Large ΔE(S1 –T1 ) 15 1.3.1 DFT and TD-DFT Calculations 16 1.3.2 Flattening Distortions and Nonradiative Decay 16 1.3.3 TADF Properties 18 1.3.4 Radiative S1 →S0 Rate, Absorption, and Strickler–Berg Relation 20 1.4 Case Study: TADF of a Cu(I) Complex with Small ΔE(S1 –T1 ) 22 1.4.1 DFT and TD-DFT Calculations 22 1.4.2 Emission Spectra and Quantum Yields 23 1.4.3 The Triplet State T1 and Spin–Orbit Coupling 23 1.4.4 Temperature Dependence of the Emission Decay Time and TADF 28 1.5 Energy Separation ΔE(S1 –T1 ) and S1 →S0 Fluorescence Rate 30 1.5.1 Experimental Correlation Between ΔE(S1 –T1 ) and kr(S1 →S0 ) for Cu(I) Compounds 31 1.5.2 Quantum Mechanical Considerations 32 1.6 Design Strategies for Highly Efficient Ag(I)-Based TADF Compounds 34 1.6.1 Ag(phen)(P2-nCB): A First Step to Achieve TADF 34 1.6.2 Emission Quenching in Ag(phen)(P2-nCB) 36 1.6.3 Sterical Hindrance. Tuning of the Emission Quantum Yield up to 100% 38 1.6.4 Detailed Characterization of Ag(dbp)(P2-nCB) 40 1.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 45 Acknowledgments 46 References 46 2 Highly Emissive d10 Metal Complexes as TADF Emitters with Versatile Structures and Photophysical Properties 61; Koichi Nozaki and Munetaka Iwamura 2.1 Introduction 61 2.2 Phosphorescence and TADF Mechanisms 62 2.3 Structure-Dependent Photophysical Properties of Four-Coordinate [Cu(N N)2 ] Complexes 64 2.4 Flattening Distortion Dynamics of the MLCT Excited State 76 2.5 Green and Blue Emitters: [Cu(N N)(P P)] and [Cu(N N)(P X)] 77 2.6 Three-Coordinate Cu(I) Complexes 79 2.7 Dinuclear Cu(I) Complexes 80 2.8 Ag(I), Au(I), Pt(0), and Pd(0) Complexes 84 2.9 Summary 85 References 86 3 Luminescent Dinuclear Copper(I) Complexes with Short Intramolecular Cu–Cu Distances 93; Akira Tsuboyama 3.1 Introduction 93 3.2 Overview of Luminescent Dinuclear Copper(I) Complexes 94 3.2.1 Structure 94 3.2.2 Luminescence Properties 99 3.3 Structural and Photophysical Studies of the Dinuclear Copper(I) Complexes: [Cu(μ-C∧N)]2 (C∧N=2-(bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl) pyridine Derivatives) 100 3.3.1 Outline 100 3.3.2 X-ray Crystallographic Study 101 3.3.3 Photophysical Properties 102 3.3.3.1 Absorption Spectrum 102 3.3.3.2 DFT Calculation 103 3.3.3.3 Emission Properties 104 3.3.3.4 Emission Decay Kinetic Analysis 105 3.3.4 OLED Device 110 3.3.5 Experimental 111 3.3.5.1 Synthesis 111 3.3.5.2 Measurement, Calculation, and Device 111 3.3.5.3 X-ray Structure Analysis 112 3.3.5.4 DFT Calculation 112 3.3.5.5 OLED Device 112 3.4 Conclusion 112 Acknowledgment 113 References 114 4 Molecular Design and Synthesis of Metal Complexes as Emitters for TADF-Type OLEDs 119; Masahisa Osawa and Mikio Hoshino 4.1 Introduction 119 4.2 Cu(I) Complexes for OLEDs 122 4.2.1 Energy Levels of Molecular Orbitals in Tetrahedral Geometries 122 4.2.2 Ligand Variation 123 4.3 Mononuclear Cu(I) Complexes for OLEDs 126 4.3.1 Bis(diimine) Type 131 4.3.2 [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with phen or bipy Derivatives as Ligands 131 4.3.3 [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with NN Ligands OtherThan phen or bipy Derivatives 134 4.3.4 Tetrahedral Cu(I) Complexes with the LUMO on the PP Ligand 142 4.3.5 Charge-NeutralThree-Coordinate Cu(I) Complexes 146 4.4 Dinuclear Cu(I) Complexes for OLEDs 155 4.4.1 Dinuclear Cu(I) Complexes Possessing {Cu2('�-X)2} Cores 155 4.4.2 Other Dinuclear Cu(I) Complexes 157 4.5 Another Group of Metal Complexes Exhibiting TADF 157 4.6 Conclusion 160 Acknowledgments 160 Appendix 161 4.A.1 Schematic Structures of 1–86 161 4.A.2 Abbreviations and Molecular Structures of Materials for OLEDs 168 References 171 5 Ionic [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ TAD9727 F Complexes with Pyridine-based Diimine Chelating Ligands and Their Use in OLEDs 177; Rongmin Yu and Can-Zhong Lu 5.1 Introduction 177 5.2 The Influence of Molecular and Electronic Structure on Emissive Properties of Cu(I) Complexes 178 5.3 Heteroleptic Diimine/Diphosphine [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with Pyridine-Based Ligand 181 5.3.1 [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with 2, 2′-bipyridyl-based Ligands 181 5.3.1.1 [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with 2-(2′-pyridyl)benzimidazole and 2-(2′-pyridyl)imidazole-based Ligands 182 5.3.2 [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with 5-(2-pyridyl)tetrazole-based Ligands 185 5.3.3 [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with 3-(2′-pyridyl)-1, 2, 4-triazole-based Ligands 187 5.3.4 [Cu(NN)(PP)] Complexes with 2-(2-pyridyl)-pyrrolide-based Ligands 188 5.3.5 [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with 1-(2-pyridyl)-pyrazole-based Ligands 189 5.3.6 [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with Carbazolyl-modified 1-(2-pyridyl)-pyrazole-based Ligands 191 5.3.7 [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with 1-phenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole-based Ligands 192 5.3.8 [Cu(NN)(PP)]+ Complexes with 3-phenyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-1H-1, 2, 4- triazole-based Ligands 193 5.4 Conclusion and Perspective 194 References 195 6 Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Exhibiting Delayed Fluorescence and Nonisotropic Emitter Orientation 199; Tobias D. Schmidt andWolfgang Brütting 6.1 Introduction 199 6.2 OLED Basics 200 6.2.1 Working Principle 200 6.2.2 Electroluminescence Quantum Efficiency 202 6.2.3 Delayed Fluorescence 203 6.2.4 Nonisotropic Emitter Orientation 204 6.2.5 Optical Modeling 205 6.3 Comprehensive Efficiency Analysis of OLEDs 206 6.4 Case Studies 209 6.4.1 Treating the OLED as a Black Box 209 6.4.2 Highly EfficientThermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Device 214 6.4.3 Low Efficiency Roll-Off Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Device 218 6.5 Conclusion 222 Acknowledgments 223 References 223 7 TADF Kinetics and Data Analysis in Photoluminescence and in Electroluminescence 229; Tiago Palmeira and Mário N. Berberan-Santos 7.1 TADF Kinetics 229 7.1.1 Introduction 229 7.1.2 Excitation Types 231 7.1.3 Photoexcitation 232 7.1.3.1 Rate Equations 232 7.1.3.2 Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Decays 232 7.1.3.3 Steady-state Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Intensities 233 7.1.3.4 Excited-state Cycles 235 7.1.3.5 TADF Onset Temperature 238 7.1.3.6 Conditions for Efficient TADF 239 7.1.4 Electrical Excitation 240 7.1.4.1 Steady State 240 7.1.4.2 Conditions for Efficient Electroluminescence 241 7.1.5 More Complex Schemes 2
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
• Publication Date: 2018
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 621.381522; Light emitting diodes
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9783527691753
• Related ISBNs: 9783527691739; 9783527691760
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