Measurement while drilling : signal analysis, optimization and design /: signal analysis, optimization and design. (2018)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Wilson C. Chin.
• Authors: Chin, Wilson C
• Contents: Preface xv Acknowledgements xix 1 Stories from the Field, Fundamental Questions and Solutions 1 1.1 Mysteries, Clues and Possibilities 1 1.2 Paper No. AADE-11-NTCE – 74, “High-Data-Rate MWD System for Very Deep Wells” significantly expanded with additional photographs and detailed annotations 11 1.2.1 Abstract 11 1.2.2 Introduction 11 1.2.3 MWD telemetry basics 13 1.2.4 New telemetry approach 14 1.2.5 New technology elements 16 1.2.5.1 Downhole source and signal optimization 16 1.2.5.2 Surface signal processing and noise removal 19 1.2.5.3 Pressure, torque and erosion computer modeling 20 1.2.5.4 Wind tunnel analysis: studying new approaches 23 1.2.5.5 Example test results 42 1.2.6 Conclusions 45 1.2.7 Acknowledgements 46 1.2.8 Credits 46 1.2.9 Paper references 47 1.3 References 48 2 Harmonic Analysis: Six-Segment Downhole Acoustic Waveguide 49 2.1 MWD Fundamentals 50 2.2 MWD Telemetry Concepts Re-examined 51 2.2.1 Conventional pulser ideas explained 51 2.2.2 Acoustics at higher data rates 52 2.2.3 High-data-rate continuous wave telemetry 54 2.2.4 Drillbit as a reflector 55 2.2.5 Source modeling subtleties and errors 56 2.2.6 Flowloop and field test subtleties 58 2.2.7 Wind tunnel testing comments 60 2.3 Downhole Wave Propagation Subtleties 60 2.3.1 Three distinct physical problems 61 2.3.2 Downhole source problem 62 2.4 Six-Segment Downhole Waveguide Model 64 2.4.1 Nomenclature 66 2.4.2 Mathematical formulation 68 2.5 An Example: Optimizing Pulser Signal Strength 79 2.5.1 Problem definition and results 79 2.5.2 User interface 82 2.5.3 Constructive interference at high frequencies 83 2.6 Additional Engineering Conclusions 85 2.7 References 87 3 Harmonic Analysis: Elementary Pipe and Collar Models 88 3.1 Constant area drillpipe wave models 88 3.1.1 Case (a), infinite system, both directions 89 3.1.2 Case (b), drillbit as a solid reflector 90 3.1.3 Case (c), drillbit as open-ended reflector 90 3.1.4 Case (d), “finite-finite” waveguide of length 2L 91 3.1.5 Physical Interpretation 91 3.2 Variable area collar-pipe wave models 94 3.2.1 Mathematical formulation 94 3.2.2 Example calculations 96 3.3 References 98 4 Transient Constant Area Surface and Downhole Wave Models 99 Overview 99 4.1 Method 4-1. Upgoing wave reflection at solid boundary, single transducer deconvolution using delay equation, no mud pump noise 101 4.1.1 Physical problem 101 4.1.2 Theory 102 4.1.3 Run 1. Wide signal – low data rate 103 4.1.4 Run 2. Narrow pulse width – high data rate 105 4.1.5 Run 3. Phase-shift keying or PSK 106 4.1.6 Runs 4 and 5. Phase-shift keying or PSK, very high data rate 109 4.2 Method 4-2. Upgoing wave reflection at solid boundary, single transducer deconvolution using delay equation, with mud pump noise 110 4.2.1 Physical problem 110 4.2.2 Software note 111 4.2.3 Theory 111 4.2.4 Run 1. 12 Hz PSK, plus pump noise with S/N = 0.25 112 4.2.5 Run 2. 24 Hz PSK, plus pump noise with S/N = 0.25 113 4.3 Method 4-3. Directional filtering – difference equation method requiring two transducers 114 4.3.1 Physical problem 114 4.3.2 Theory 115 4.3.3 Run 1. Single narrow pulse, S/N = 1, approximately 116 4.3.4 Run 2. Very noisy environment 118 4.3.5 Run 3. Very, very noisy environment 119 4.3.6 Run 4. Very, very, very noisy environment 120 4.3.7 Run 5. Non-periodic background noise 121 4.4 Method 4-4. Directional filtering – differential equation method requiring two transducers 122 4.4.1 Physical problem 122 4.4.2 Theory 123 4.4.3 Run 1. Validation analysis 124 4.4.4 Run 2. A very, very noisy example 126 4.4.5 Note on multiple-transducer methods 127 4.5 Method 4-5. Downhole reflection and deconvolution at the bit, waves created by MWD dipole source, bit assumed as perfect solid reflector 128 4.5.1 Software note 128 4.5.2 Physical problem 129 4.5.3 On solid and open reflectors 129 4.5.4 Theory 130 4.5.5 Run 1. Long, low data rate pulse 132 4.5.6 Run 2. Higher data rate, faster valve action 132 4.5.7 Run 3. PSK example, 12 Hz frequency 133 4.5.8 Run 4. 24 Hz, Coarse sampling time 134 4.6 Method 4-6. Downhole reflection and deconvolution at the bit, waves created by MWD dipole source, bit assumed as perfect open end or zero acoustic pressure reflector 135 4.6.1 Software note 135 4.6.2 Physical problem 135 4.6.3 Theory 136 4.6.4 Run 1. Low data rate run 137 4.6.5 Run 2. Higher data rate 138 4.6.6 Run 3. Phase-shift-keying, 12 Hz carrier wave 139 4.6.7 Run 4. Phase-shift-keying, 24 Hz carrier wave 139 4.6.8 Run 5. Phase-shift-keying, 48 Hz carrier 140 4.7 References 141 5 Transient Variable Area Downhole Inverse Models 142 5.1 Method 5-1. Problems with acoustic impedance mismatch due to collar-drillpipe area discontinuity, with drillbit assumed as open-end reflector 144 5.1.1 Physical problem 144 5.1.2 Theory 145 5.1.3 Run 1. Phase-shift-keying, 12 Hz carrier wave 149 5.1.4 Run 2. Phase-shift-keying, 24 Hz carrier wave 149 5.1.5 Run 3. Phase-shift-keying, 96 Hz carrier wave 150 5.1.6 Run 4. Short rectangular pulse with rounded edges 151 5.2 Method 5-2. Problems with collar-drillpipe area discontinuity, with drillbit assumed as closed end, solid drillbit reflector 152 5.2.1 Theory 152 5.2.2 Run 1. Phase-shift-keying, 12 Hz carrier wave 152 5.2.3 Run 2. Phase-shift-keying, 24 Hz carrier wave 153 5.2.4 Run 3. Phase-shift-keying, 96 Hz carrier wave 153 5.2.5 Run 4. Short rectangular pulse with rounded edges 153 5.3 References 154 6 Signal Processor Design and Additional Noise Models 155 6.1 Desurger Distortion 156 6.1.1 Low-frequency positive pulsers 158 6.1.2 Higher frequency mud sirens 159 6.2 Downhole Drilling Noise 162 6.2.1 Positive displacement motors 163 6.2.2 Turbodrill motors 164 6.2.3 Drillstring vibrations 164 6.3 Attenuation Mechanisms 166 6.3.1 Newtonian model 166 6.3.2 Non-Newtonian fluids 167 6.4 Drillpipe Attenuation and Mudpump Reflection 169 6.4.1 Low-data-rate physics 170 6.4.2 High data rate effects 171 6.5 Applications to Negative Pulser Design in Fluid Flows and to Elastic Wave Telemetry Analysis in Drillpipe Systems 172 6.6 LMS Adaptive and Savitzky-Golay Smoothing Filters 174 6.7 Low Pass Butterworth, Low Pass FFT and Notch Filters 176 6.8 Typical Frequency Spectra and MWD Signal Strength Properties 177 6.9 References 178 7 Mud Siren Torque and Erosion Analysis 179 7.1 The Physical Problem 179 7.1.1 Stable-closed designs 181 7.1.2 Previous solutions 181 7.1.3 Stable-opened designs 183 7.1.4 Torque and its importance 184 7.1.5 Numerical modeling 185 7.2 Mathematical Approach 185 7.2.1 Inviscid aerodynamic model 187 7.2.2 Simplified boundary conditions 188 7.3 Mud Siren Formulation 190 7.3.1 Differential equation 190 7.3.2 Pressure integral 191 7.3.3 Upstream and annular boundary condition 192 7.3.4 Radial variations 194 7.3.5 Downstream flow deflection 195 7.3.6 Lobe tangency conditions 196 7.3.7 Numerical solution 196 7.3.8 Interpreting torque computations 197 7.3.9 Streamline tracing 198&l
• Edition: Second edition
• Publisher Details: Hoboken : Wiley-Scrivener
• Publication Date: 2018
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 622.33810287; Oil well logging, Electric; Oil well drilling; Orientation -- Measurement; Wells -- Fluid dynamics; Flow meters
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119479321; 9781119479369
• Related ISBNs: 9781119479154
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.