A Molecular Approach To Primary Metabolism In Higher Plants. (1997)

• Record Type: Book
• Other Names: Quick, Paul; Foyer, Christine
• Contents: Book Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- List of contributors -- List of abbreviations -- SECTION ONE Primary Nitrogen Assimilation, Carbon Assimilation and Carbon Partitioning -- 1 The photosynthetic electron transport system: efficiency and control -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Photosynthesis: general principles -- 1.3 The Z-scheme, non-cyclic electron transport and photosynthetic energy conversion -- 1.4 Carbon dioxide fixation and photosynthetic metabolism -- 1.5 The maximum, limiting efficiency of photosynthesis: basic concepts -- 1.6 Measurements of the maximum quantum efficiency for higher plant photosynthesis -- 1.7 Non-cyclic electron transport and photosynthetic metabolism -- nsport ... -- 1.9 The detoxification of active oxygen species -- 1.10 Manipulation of SOD activity -- 1.11 Manipulation of the enzymes involved in glutathione synthesis and turnover -- 1.12 Other systems associated with stress protection -- 1.12.1 Chlororespiration -- 1.12.2 Catalases and peroxidases -- 1.13 Ascorbic acid -- 1.14 Conclusions and perspectives -- References -- 2 The regulation and control of photosynthetic carbon assimilation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Photosynthetic CO2 fixation in green leaves: the pathway -- 2.3 Regulation of the Calvin cycle -- 2.3.1 Regulation of Rubisco -- 2.3.2 Thiol-reduction -- 2.4 Analysis of photosynthetic control -- 2.5 Genetic modification of the Calvin cycle -- 2.5.1 Carboxylation phase -- Rubisco -- Rubisco activase -- 2.5.2 Reduction phase -- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) -- 2.5.3 Regeneration -- Fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase (Fru1, 6P2ase) -- Sedoheptulose 1, 7-bisphosphatase (S1, 7P2ase) -- Phosphoribulokinase (PRK) -- Aldolase -- 2.6 Starch degradation in chloroplasts -- 2.6.1 Are there plastid type specific products of starch degradation?. 2.7 Carbon metabolism and photosynthesis in fruit chloroplasts -- 2.7.1 Fruit photosynthesis supports crop yield -- 2.7.2 CO2 fixation by fruit chloroplasts -- 2.8 Other metabolic pathways affected by photosynthesis -- 2.9 Modulation of transport properties across the plastid envelope -- References and further reading -- 3 Modulation of sucrose metabolism -- 3.1 Photosynthetic sucrose biosynthesis in C3 plants -- 3.1.1 Molecular approaches to alter the interconversion of Fru1, 6P2 and Fru6P -- Ectopic expression of alien enzymes -- activities ... -- Analysis of plants with reduced cytosolic fructose 1, 6-bisphosphatase activity -- 3.1.2 Molecular approaches to alter sucrose-phosphate synthase activity in transgenic plants -- 3.2 Manipulation of sucrose metabolism in phloem cells -- 3.3 Sucrose utilization in sink tissues -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Modulation of starch synthesis -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of starch -- 4.2.1 The accepted biosynthetic pathway -- 4.2.2 Evidence for the pathway -- 4.3 Properties of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase -- 4.3.1 Subunit structure -- 4.3.2 Regulatory properties -- 4.3.3 Evidence for in vivo regulation of ADPGIcPPase -- 4.3.4 Function of the higher plant ADPGlcPPase subunits -- 4.3.5 Identification of the glucose-1-phosphate and ATP binding sites -- 4.3.6 Identification of the activator sites -- 4.4 Are starch synthases or branching enzymes rate limiting in starch synthesis? -- 4.5 Increasing starch content by transforming plants with an allosteric mutant ADPGlcPPase gene -- zyme in in vivo synthesis of amylopectin ... -- References -- 5 Molecular crosstalk and the regulation of C- and N-responsive genes -- 5.1 Metabolite responsive genes in higher plants -- 5.2 Gene responses to C/N balance and availability. 5.3 Genes up-regulated by low C/N, C-starvation, and/or N excess -- 5.4 Genes up-regulated by high C/N, C-abundance, and/or N-depletion -- 5.5 Contrasting C/N responses of isozyme genes -- 5.6 Metabolite effectors of crosstalk in expression of C- and N-responsive genes -- 5.7 Closing comments -- References and further reading -- 6 Manipulation of the pathways of sucrose biosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation in transformed plants to improve photosynthe -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Manipulation of nitrogen assimilation in transformed plants -- 6.2.1 Manipulation of NR -- 6.2.2 35S-NR expression -- Nitrogen deficiency -- CO2 enrichment -- Water stress -- 6.2.3 Constitutive expression of an NR protein involving a 5 end deletion -- 6.2.4 Transformed plants with altered activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase -- 6.3 Sucrose biosynthesis -- 6.3.7 Over-expression of SPS -- 6.3.2 Relative growth rates (RGR) and biomass production in tomato plants expressing a maize SPS cDNA -- 6.4 Conclusions and perspectives -- References and further reading -- 7 Manipulating amino acid biosynthesis -- 7.1 Ammonia assimilation -- 7.2 Manipulation of glutamine synthetase genes -- 7.2.1 Over-expression of cytosolic glutamine synthetase -- 7.2.2 Antisense modulation of GS activity -- 7.2.3 Alternative approaches to down-regulate glutamine synthetase -- 7.3 Modulation of other nitrogen assimilatory enzymes -- 7.4 Modulation of the aspartate pathway -- 7.5 Manipulation of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis -- 7.6 Manipulation of branch chain amino acid biosynthesis -- 7.7 Modulation of proline synthesis -- 7.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Regulation of C/N metabolism by reversible protein phosphorylation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Reversible protein phosphorylation. 8.2.1 Reversible protein phosphorylation as a regulatory device in eukaryotes -- 8.2.2 Eukaryotic protein kinases -- 8.2.3 Eukaryotic protein (serine/threonine) phosphatases -- 8.2.4 Prokaryotic two-component systems -- 8.3 Reversible protein phosphorylation and C/N metabolism in plants -- 8.3.1 Comparing metabolic and developmental control in plants and animals -- 8.3.2 Subcellular compartmentation and reversible protein phosphorylation -- 8.3.3 Reversible protein phosphorylation in chloroplasts and other plastids -- 8.3.4 Reversible protein phosphorylation in mitochondria -- 8.3.5 Reversible protein phosphorylation in the cytosol -- Sucrose synthesis -- 6PF2K/Fru2, 6P2ase -- Sucrose phosphate synthase -- Nitrate reductase -- PEPCase In CAM, C4 and C3 metabolism -- 8.3.6 Evidence for co-regulation of SPS, NR and PEPCase in C3 leaves -- 8.4 Perspectives for future developments -- Acknowledgments -- Note added in proof -- References and further reading -- SECTION TWO Compartmentation, Transport and Whole Plant Interactions -- 9 Compartmentation of C/N metabolism -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Determination of subcellular metabolite concentrations of source leaves -- 9.2.1 Subcellular volumes -- 9.2.2 Subcellular metabolite distribution -- 9.2.3 Concentrations of exported products in the apoplast and the sieve tubes -- 9.3 Subcellular concentrations of phosphorylated intermediates between chloroplast and cytosol -- 9.4 Subcellular distribution of sugars and malate -- 9.5 Subcellular distribution of amino acids -- 9.6 Export of assimilates -- 9.6.7 Exported assimilates and export pathway -- 9.6.2 Concentration gradients along the export pathway -- 9.7 The role of phloem loading for the composition of storage sinks -- Acknowledgments -- References. 10 Plasmodesmal-mediated plant communication network: implications for controlling carbon metabolism and resource allocation -- 10.1 Cell-to-cell transfer of sucrose in source leaves -- 10.2 Conundrum of plasmodesmata connecting PP-CC -- 10.3 Long-distance sucrose transport and resource allocation -- 10.4 Viral infection alters carbohydrate partitioning -- 10.5 Viral movement protein alters carbohydrate metabolism and allocation in transgenic tobacco plants -- 10.6 TMV-MP has pleiotropic effects on plant function -- 10.7 Source leaves may be the site of TMV-MP action -- 10.8 Developmental control over TMV-MP-mediated alteration in carbohydrate allocation -- 10.9 Regulation of sucrose transport by plasmodesmal SEL -- rtitioning and resource allocation ... -- 10.11 Prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Nitrogen uptake and assimilation in roots and root nodules -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Nitrogen uptake by root systems -- 11.2.1 Mechanisms of nitrate, ammonium and amino acid uptake -- Nitrate -- Ammonium -- Amino adds -- Other N transporters at the cellular and plant levels? -- 11.2.2 Regulation of N uptake -- Evidence of regulation -- Regulation at the cell and plant levels -- 11.3 Pathways of N assimilation in roots and root nodules -- 11.3.1 Symbiotic N2 fixation -- 11.3.2 Regulation of N2 fixation by N status -- 11.3.3 Nitrate and ammonium assimilation -- 11.4 Conclusions and perspectives for future engineering -- References -- 12 Probing the carbon and nitrogen interaction: a whole plant perspective -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The whole plant nitrate assimilation pathway -- 12.2.1 Root growth -- 12.2.2 Nitrogen transport -- 12.2.3 Nitrate assimilation in the root -- 12.3 Rhythms in nitrate uptake and leaf development -- 12.4 Shoot control involving malate and amino acids -- 12.5 Nitrate assimilation in the shoot.
• Publisher Details: Boca Raton : CRC Press
• Publication Date: 1997
• Copyright Date: 2005
• Extent: 1 online resource (361 pages)
• Subjects: 572/.42; Electronic books. -- local; Plant physiology; Plants -- Metabolism; Electronic books
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781466573659; 1466573651
• Related ISBNs: 9780748404193
• Notes: Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.