Reactive Transport Modeling : Applications in Subsurface Energy and Environmental Problems /: Applications in Subsurface Energy and Environmental Problems. (2018)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Yitian Xiao, Fiona Whitaker, Tianfu Xu, Carl Steefel.
• Editors: Xiao, Yitian; Whitaker, Fiona; Xu, Tianfu; Steefel, Carl
• Contents: List of Contributors xv Preface xix Acknowledgements xxiii 1 Application of Reactive Transport Modeling to CO2 Geological Sequestration and Chemical Stimulation of an Enhanced Geothermal Reservoir 1; Tianfu Xu, Hailong Tian and Jin Na 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Fundamental Theories 2 1.2.1 Governing Equations for Flow and Transport 2 1.2.2 Equations for Chemical Reactions 3 1.2.3 Solution Method for Transport Equations 6 1.2.4 Solution Method for Mixed Equilibrium‐Kinetics Chemical System 7 1.3 Application to CO2 Geological Storage (CGS) 8 1.3.1 Overview of Applications in CGS 8 1.3.2 Long‐Term Fate of Injected CO2 in Deep Saline Aquifers 10 1.3.2.1 Brief Description of CO2 Storage Site in the Songliao Basin 10 1.3.2.2 Conceptual Model 11 1.3.2.3 Results and Discussion 14 1.3.2.4 Summary and Conclusions 21 1.3.3 Evolution of Caprock Sealing Efficiency after the Intrusion of CO2 26 1.3.3.1 Introduction 26 1.3.3.2 Geological Setting 27 1.3.3.3 Conceptual Model 27 1.3.3.4 Results and Discussion 32 1.3.3.5 Concluding Remarks 44 1.4 Reactive Transport Modeling for Chemical Stimulation of an Enhanced Geothermal Reservoir 45 1.4.1 General Description 45 1.4.2 Brief Description of the EGS Site in Songliao Basin 47 1.4.3 Conceptual Model 47 1.4.3.1 Geometry and Boundary Conditions 47 1.4.3.2 Physical Parameters 48 1.4.3.3 Initial Mineral Composition 48 1.4.3.4 Water Chemistry 49 1.4.3.5 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters 49 1.4.4 Results and Discussion 50 1.4.4.1 HCl Preflush 50 1.4.4.2 Mud Acid Main Flush 50 1.4.5 Concluding Remarks 52 1.5 Conclusions and Outlook 54 Appendix A 55 Acknowledgements 56 References 56 2 Modeling Reactive Transport in CO2 Geological Storage: Applications at the Site Scale and Near ‐ Well Effects 61; P. Audigane, Irina Gaus and Fabrizio Gherardi 2.1 Introduction 61 2.2 Short‐ and Long‐term Predictive Simulations of Trapping Mechanisms 65 2.2.1 Sandy Aquifer: Predictions of Long‐term Effects of Storage in Sleipner, North Sea, Norway 69 2.2.2 Near‐well Effects in Saline Aquifers in Carbonate Formations: Carbonate Dissolution, Drying, and Salt Crystallization in the Dogger, Paris Basin 72 2.2.3 Depleted Offshore Gas Field: Mixing with Methane K12B Field 77 2.3 Studying CO2 Leakage and Well Integrity by Reactive Transport Modeling 80 2.3.1 Near‐well Problem in the Paris Basin 81 2.3.1.1 Weathering of Drilling Cement Prior to Injection 81 2.3.1.2 Cement–Reservoir–Caprock Interface 84 2.3.2 The Impact of CO2 Leakage on Groundwater 90 2.4 Discussion and Conclusion 92 References 98 3 Process ‐ based Modelling of Syn ‐ depositional Diagenesis 107; Fiona Whitaker and Miles Frazer 3.1 Introduction 107 3.2 Fundamentals of Syn‐depositional Carbonate Diagenesis 108 3.3 Understanding Syn‐depositional Diagenesis through RTM 111 3.3.1 Marine Diagenesis 111 3.3.2 Vadose Zone Diagenesis 113 3.3.3 Freshwater Lens Diagenesis 116 3.3.4 Mixing Zone Diagenesis 118 3.4 Challenges in Reactive Transport Modelling of Syn‐depositional Diagenesis 120 3.5 Coupled Forward Stratigraphic‐Diagenetic Models 124 3.5.1 Stratigraphic Forward Models (SFMs) 124 3.5.2 Carbonate Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy 124 3.5.3 Integrating Diagenesis into SFMs – 1D and 2D Modelling 126 3.5.4 3D Forward Stratigraphic‐Diagenetic Models (FSDMs) 128 3.5.5 Application of CARB3D+ to Understanding Carbonate Sedimentation and Syn‐sedimentary Diagenesis 130 3.5.5.1 Prediction of Sediment Distribution and Platform Architecture using CARB3D+ 131 3.5.5.2 FSDM – Simulation of Diagenetic Hydrozones 137 3.5.5.3 FSDM – Simulation of Diagenetic Processes 140 3.6 Discussion and Conclusion 145 Acknowledgements 148 References 148 4 Reactive Transport Modeling and Reservoir Quality Prediction 157; Yitian Xiao and Gareth D. Jones 4.1 Fundamental Challenges in Reservoir Quality Prediction 157 4.2 Reactive Transport Modeling Approach 164 4.3 Modeling Dolomitization in Different Hydrogeological Systems 165 4.3.1 Dolomitization and Impact on Carbonate Reservoir Quality: From Reservoir to Outcrop Observations 165 4.3.2 Conceptual Hydrological Models of Dolomitization 168 4.3.3 Geothermal Convection Models 171 4.3.4 Mixing Zone Models 173 4.3.4.1 Traditional Mixing Zone Model 173 4.3.4.2 Ascending Freshwater–Mesohaline Brine Mixing Model: La Molata Miocene Outcrop Case Study 175 4.3.5 Reflux Dolomitization Models 177 4.3.5.1 2D Simulations of Brine Reflux Dolomitization 177 4.3.5.2 3D Simulations of Brine Reflux Dolomitization 181 4.3.5.3 Brine Reflux Dolomitization Case Studies 189 4.3.6 Fault‐Controlled Hydrothermal Models 195 4.3.6.1 2D and 3D Conceptual HTD Models 196 4.3.6.2 Fault‐controlled Dolomitization at the Benicassim Outcrop in Maestrat Basin, Spain 196 4.3.7 Summary of Dolomite RTM Results 200 4.4 Early Diagenesis in Isolated Carbonate Platforms 200 4.5 Geothermal Convection and Burial Diagenesis 201 4.5.1 Geothermal Convection and Reservoir Quality in Tengiz Field, Kazakhstan 202 4.5.2 Geothermal Convection in South Atlantic Pre‐Salt Rift Carbonates 203 4.6 Burial Diagenesis: Fault‐Controlled Illitization 208 4.6.1 Illitization and Permeability Reduction in Rotliegendes Play, Germany 208 4.6.2 1D and 2D Reactive Transport Models 208 4.7 Diagenesis and Reservoir Alteration Associated with Oil and Gas Operations 211 4.7.1 CO2 and Acid Gas Injection (AGI) in Siliciclastic and Carbonate Reservoirs 211 4.7.2 Reactive Transport Model Setup 212 4.7.3 Simulation Results: Injection in Siliciclastic Reservoirs 212 4.7.3.1 Feldspar‐Rich Sandstone Reservoir 212 4.7.3.2 Quartz‐Dominated Sandstone Reservoir 212 4.7.4 Simulation Results: Injection in Carbonate Reservoirs 213 4.7.4.1 Limestone Reservoir 213 4.7.4.2 Dolomite Reservoir 215 4.7.5 Summary of CO2 and Acid Gas Injection and Reservoir Alteration 216 4.7.6 Reservoir Alteration from Steam and Acid Injection 218 4.7.6.1 Case Study: RTM of Steam Flood in Eocene Carbonate Reservoir, Wafra Field 220 4.8 The Present and Future Role of Reactive Transport Models for Reservoir Quality Prediction 221 Acknowledgements 226 References 227 5 Modeling High ‐ Temperature, High ‐ Pressure, High ‐ Salinity and Highly Reducing Geochemical Systems in Oil and Gas Production 237; Guoxiang Zhang, Jeroen Snippe, Esra Inan ‐ Villegas and Paul Taylor 5.1 Introduction 237 5.2 Drivers of the Geochemical Reactions in 4‐High Reservoirs During Oil and Gas Production 238 5.2.1 High Temperature 238 5.2.2 High Pressure 239 5.2.3 Salinity, pH and Alkalinity 240 5.2.4 Contrast in Redox Potential 240 5.3 Typical Geochemical Processes in the 4‐High Reservoir During HC Production and the Impacts on Production 242 5.3.1 Scaling of Wells and Near Wellbore Formation Rocks by Carbonate Precipitation 242 5.3.2 Well Scaling by Precipitation of Sulfate Minerals 243 5.3.3 Scaling Due to Precipitation of Other Minerals 243 5.3.4 Scaling Due to Combined Precipitation of Multiple Minerals, Solid Solution and/or Fines Migration 244 5.3.5 Souring by Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR) during HC Production 245 5.3.
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Wiley
• Publication Date: 2018
• Extent: 1 online resource (560 pages)
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119060024
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.