Gangs in America's communities. ([2019])

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: James C. Howell, National Youth Gang Center, Elizabeth Griffiths, Rutgers University.
• Authors: Howell, James C; Griffiths, Elizabeth A
• Contents: Preface; Acknowledgments; About the authors; Chapter 1: History of Gangs in the United States; Street Gang Emergence in the Northeast; Street Gang Emergence in the Midwest; Street Gang Emergence in the West Region; Street Gang Emergence in the South; Another Wave of Immigrant Groups; The Institutionalization of Street Gangs; Chapter 2: Myths and Realities of Youth Gangs; Consideration of Key Myths About Gangs; Chapter 3: Defining Gangs and Gang Members; Defining Gangs; Typologies of Gang Members and Gang Structures; Gang Subculture; Gang Graffiti; A European Gang Definition; A Recommended Gang Definition for Practical Purposes; Defining Gang Members; Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Gangs and Gang Members; Chapter 4: General Macro-Level Theories and Modern-Day Applications; The Chicago School and Development of the Social Disorganization Perspective; Application of Social Disorganization Theory to Gangs; A General Explanation of Gang Origins, Expansion, and Violence; Other Macro-Level Theories; Chapter 5: Micro-Level Theories: Developmental Life-Course Pathways and Other Micro-Level Explanations for Gang Involvement; Location of Gang Membership in Developmental Pathways; Developmental Theories; An Illustration of the Life-Course Model of Gang Involvement; A Broad Developmental Gang Theory; The Gang Joining Process; “The Digital Street”: Gangs on Social Media; Apex of Gang Member Criminal Activity; Long-Term Impact of Gang Membership on Participants; Desistance From Gang Membership; Other Micro-Level Gang Theories; Chapter 6: Girls and Gangs; Females in Early Gang Studies; Modern-Day Studies of Female Gang Members; Level of Female Gang Involvement and Seriousness of Crimes; The Question of Increasing Female Gang Involvement; The Importance of Gang Gender Composition; Female Associates of Gang Members: Risks and ReVictimization; Girls’ Unique Treatment Needs and Implications for Prevention and Treatment; Chapter 7: National Gang Problem Trends: 1996 to 2012; An Overview of Nationwide Gang Activity in the Modern Era; Nationally Reported Youth Gang Activity From the Mid-1990s; Patterns in U.S. Localities’ Histories of Gang Activity; Patterns of Gang Presence in Larger Cities; Modal Cities; Regional Variations in Gang Presence; Explaining the Emergence, Persistence, and Decline of Gang Activity; Chapter 8: Urban Gangs and Violence; The Intensity of Gangs in Cities; Serious Gang Problem Trends; A National Perspective of Gang Structures; Key Structural Features of Violent Gangs Nationwide; A Social Network Approach to Gang Cohesion; Gunshot Injury Risk Associated with Social Networks; Case Studies of Gang Problems in Large Cities; Contextual Characteristics That Contribute to Serious Gang Problems; Chapter 9: What Works: Prevention; Risk-Focused, Data-Driven, and Research-Based Gang Prevention; A Framework for Prevention and Early Intervention; Building a Continuum of Effective Delinquency Prevention and Early-Intervention Programs; Chapter 10: What Works: Intervention and Suppression; Evidence-Based Gang Programs; Promising Gang Programs; The Utility of Gang Intelligence Databases; The Comprehensive, Community-Wide Gang Program Model; The Evidence-Based Comprehensive Gang Program Model; Project Safe Neighborhoods; Glossary; References; Index;
• Edition: Third edition
• Publisher Details: Los Angeles : SAGE Publications, Inc
• Publication Date: 2019
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 364.10660973; Gangs -- United States; Violence -- United States -- Prevention; Gangs; Violence -- Prevention; United States
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781544300214; 1544300212
• Related ISBNs: 9781544300221
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.