Organophosphorus Pesticides. (2018)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Morifusa Eto.
• Authors: Eto, Morifusa
• Contents: 1. Catalysis of Lewis Acids on the Reaction of Phosphorus Trichloride -- 2. Reaction of Phosphorus Trichloride with Organometallic Compounds -- 3. Reaction of Phosphites with Alkyl Halides -- 4. Addition of Dialkyl Phosphites to Carbonyl Compounds -- 5. Addition of Phosphorus Pentachloride to Olefins -- I. Phosphinates -- Chapter III: Chemical Reactions -- A. Hydrolysis -- 1. Hydrolysis of Simple Phosphate Esters -- 2. Chemical Structure and Hydrolizability -- a. Derivatives of Phosphorothioic Acids -- b. Derivatives of Phosphoramidic Acids -- c. Enol and Imidoyl Phosphates -- d. Cyclic Phosphate Esters -- e. Phosphonates -- 3. Catalysis -- a. Metallic Ions -- b. Bases with Î -Effect -- B. Phosphorylating Properties -- 1. Selectivity in Nucleophilic Substitution -- 2. Structure and Reactivity -- C. Alkylating Properties -- 1. Structure and Alkylating Properties -- 2. Nucleophilic Agents -- 3. Isomerization of Phosphorothioates: Thiono-thiolo Rearrangement -- 4. Transalkylation -- D. Oxidation and Reduction -- E. Photochemical Reactions -- F. Thermal Decomposition -- G. Reactions Useful for Analysis -- 1. Color Reactions and Some Related Reactions -- a. Total Phosphorus and Active Esters -- b. Phosphorothioates -- c. Organic Moiety -- d. Esterase Inhibitors -- 2. Derivatization for Gas Chromatography -- 3. Fragmentation in Mass Spectrometry -- a. Phosphate and Phosphorothionate Esters -- b. Phosphorothionothiolate and Phosphorothiolate Esters -- c. Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry -- Chapter IV: Biochemistry -- A. Inhibition of Esterases -- 1. Biological Significance of Cholinesterases -- a. Nerve Function -- b. Cholinesterases and Some Esterases -- c. Mechanism of Action of Acetylcholinesterase -- i. Binding Site -- ii. Esteratic Site -- iii. The Catalytic Mechanism -- 2. Reaction of Organophosphorus Esters with Acetylcholinesterase. A. Inhibition of Enzyme Activity -- b. Recovery of Enzyme Activity -- i. Spontaneous Reactivation -- ii. Reactivators and Their Mode of Action -- c. Aging of Phosphorylated Enzymes -- 3. Structure-activity Relationship in Cholinesterase Inhibition -- a. General Considerations: Some Physicochemical Parameters -- b. Effects of Some Groups -- i. Thiono and Thiolo Groups -- ii. Amido Group -- iii. Enol Ester Group -- iv. P-C Bond -- v. Cyclic Ester Structure -- 4. Steric Effects and Selectivity in Enzyme Inhibition -- a. Effects of Bulky Groups -- b. Choline-like-Structure -- c. Effect of Asymmetry -- B. Metabolism -- 1. Reactions Resulting in Activation -- a. Microsomal Mixed-function Oxidase System -- b. Oxidative Desulfuration -- c. Oxidation of Thioether Moiety -- d. Oxidation of Amide Groups d. Oxidation -- e. Aliphatic Hydroxylation and Subsequent Reactions -- f. Miscellaneous Nonoxidative Reactions -- 2. Reactions Resulting in Detoxication -- a. Anhydride Bond Cleavage -- i. Oxidative Dearylation -- ii. Enzymatic Hydrolysis -- iii. Glutathione S-Aryltransfer Reaction -- b. Alkyl Ester Bond Cleavage -- i. Oxidative 0-Dealkylation -- ii. Glutathione S-Alkyltransfer Reaction -- iii. Miscellaneous Phosphorus Bond Splitting Reactions -- c. Biotransformation of Nonphosphorus Functional Groups -- i. Hydrolysis of Carboxyester Linkage -- ii. Hydrolysis of Carbonxyamide Linkage -- iii. Reduction -- d. Conjugation -- i. Glucuronide Formation -- ii. Glycoside Formation -- iii. Sulfate Formation -- iv. Methylation -- v. Glutathione Gonjugation -- 3. Fate in the Environment -- C. Selective Toxicity and Resistance -- 1. Penetration -- 2. Metabolism -- 3. Storage and Excretion -- 4. Transport to Target -- 5. Nature of Target -- 6. Interaction of Factors -- D. Interaction With Other Chemicals -- 1. Direct Interactions. 2. Inhibition of Pesticide-metabolizing Enzymes -- a. Inhibitors of Esterases and Amidases -- b. Inhibitors of Mixed-function Oxidases -- c. Inhibition of Glutathione S-transfer Reaction -- 3. Effect of Enzyme Induction -- E. Side Effects -- 1. Delayed Neurotoxicity -- a. Structure-activity Relationship -- b. Mechanism -- 2. Teratogenicity -- 3. Effects on Enzymes Other Than Esterases -- 4. Release of Physiologically Active Substances -- 5. Effects on Plant Metabolism -- Chapter V: Individual Pesticides -- A. Insecticides and Acaricides -- 1. Contact Insecticides -- a. Phosphates -- b. Phosphorothionates -- c. Phosphorothiolothionates -- d. Phosphorothiolates -- e. Phosphoramidates -- f. Pyrophosphates -- g. Phosphonates and Phosphinates -- 2. Plant Systemic Insecticides -- a. Phosphoramides -- b. Carboxyamides and Related Compounds -- c. Sulfides and Related Compounds -- d. Phosphorus Esters Containing Hetero Aromatic Ring -- 3. Animal Systemic Insecticides and Veterinary Pesticides -- a. Phosphates -- b. Phosphorothionates -- c. Phosphorothiolothionates -- d. Phosphoramidates -- e. Phosphonates -- B. Nematocides -- C. Insect Chemosterilants -- D. Fungicides -- 1. Phosphorothiolates, Phosphonothiolates, and Related Esters -- 2. Phosphoramidic Acid Derivatives -- 3. Miscellaneous Fungicidal Phosphorus Compounds -- E. Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators -- 1. Derivatives of Phosphorothioic Acids -- 2. Derivatives of Phosphoramidic Acid -- 3. Phosphonates and Phosphinates -- 4. Phosphites and Phosphonium Salts -- F. Miscellaneous -- 1. Rodenticides -- 2. Insecticide Synergists -- 3. Insect Repellants -- References -- Index.
• Publisher Details: Place of publication not identified : CRC Press
• Publication Date: 2018
• Extent: 1 online resource (399 pages)
• Subjects: 632/.95; Organophosphorus compounds; Pesticides; Electronic books
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781351092203; 1351092200
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.