Grid-integrated and standalone photovoltaic distributed generation systems : analysis, design, and control /: analysis, design, and control. (2017)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Bo Zhao, Caisheng Wang, Xuesong Zhang.
• Authors: Zhao, Bo, 1977-; Wang, Caisheng; Zhang, Xuesong
• Contents: Preface xiii 1 Overview 1 1.1 Current Status and Future Development Trends of Photovoltaic Generation around theWorld 1 1.1.1 USA 3 1.1.2 Japan 5 1.1.3 Germany 5 1.1.4 China 6 1.2 Current Research Status of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation 8 1.2.1 Characteristics of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation 8 1.2.2 Impact of High-Penetration Photovoltaic Generations on Distribution Networks 9 1.2.3 Research Needs on Massive Distributed Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation 11 1.3 Summary 13 References 14 2 Techniques of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation 17 2.1 Introduction to Distributed Photovoltaic Generation 17 2.1.1 Distributed Generation: Definition and Advantages 17 2.1.2 Principle and Structure of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation 18 2.2 Photovoltaic Cells 20 2.2.1 Classification of the Photovoltaic Cells 20 2.2.1.1 Classification Based on Cell Structure 20 2.2.1.2 Material-based PV Cell Classification 21 2.2.2 Development History of Solar Cells 21 2.2.3 Model of a Silicon Solar Cell 22 2.3 Inverter 26 2.3.1 Topology of Connection between Inverter and Photovoltaic Module 26 2.3.2 The Classification and Characteristics of the Inverter 28 2.3.3 Requirements of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter 29 2.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Control 32 2.4.1 Hill Climbing/Perturb and Observe 33 2.4.2 Incremental Conductance 34 2.4.3 Open-Circuit Voltage Method 36 2.4.4 Short-Circuit Current Method 36 2.4.5 Ripple Correlation Control 36 2.4.6 Load Current or Load Voltage MaximizationMethod 37 2.4.7 dP/dV or dP/dI Close-Loop Control 38 2.4.8 Maximum Power Point Tracking Efficiency 38 2.5 Summary 39 References 40 3 Load Characteristics in Distribution Networks with Distributed Photovoltaic Generation 43 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 Load Characteristics of a Distribution Network 43 3.2.1 Load Types and Indices 43 3.2.2 Time-Sequence Characteristics of Typical Loads 45 3.2.3 Case Study 46 3.3 The Output Characteristics of Photovoltaic Generation 48 3.3.1 Regulations on Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Generation 48 3.3.2 Time-Sequence Characteristics of Photovoltaic Generation 49 3.3.3 Case Study 51 3.4 Characteristics of the Net Load in a Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaic Generation 53 3.4.1 Influence of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation on System Load Level 54 3.4.2 Influences of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation on Load Fluctuation 56 3.5 Power and Energy Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation 57 3.5.1 Effective Power and Equivalent Electricity Generation of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation 57 3.5.2 CalculationMethods of the Correction Coefficients 58 3.6 Summary 61 References 62 4 Penetration Analysis of Large-Scale Distributed Grid-Connected Photovoltaics 65 4.1 Introduction 65 4.2 Economic Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Systems 66 4.2.1 Cost/Benefit Analysis of Distributed Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems 66 4.2.1.1 Cost Composition 66 4.2.1.2 Income Composition 67 4.2.2 Grid Parity 68 4.3 Large-Scale Photovoltaic Penetration Analysis 70 4.3.1 Further Explanation of Some Concepts 70 4.3.2 Concepts and Assumptions 71 4.3.2.1 Basic Concepts 71 4.3.2.2 Basic Assumptions 73 4.3.3 Power Penetration Analysis 73 4.3.4 Photovoltaics Penetration with Different Types of Load 79 4.4 Maximum Allowable Capacity of Distributed Photovoltaics in Distribution Network 82 4.4.1 Static Characteristic Constraint Method 82 4.4.1.1 Voltage Constraint 83 4.4.1.2 Protection 83 4.4.1.3 Harmonic Limit 85 4.4.2 Constrained OptimizationMethod 86 4.4.3 Digital SimulationMethod 87 4.4.3.1 Maximum Allowable Photovoltaic Capacity in Static Simulation 87 4.4.3.2 Maximum Allowable Photovoltaic Capacity in Dynamic Simulations 87 4.5 Maximum Allowable Capacity of Distributed Photovoltaics Based on Random Scenario Method 88 4.5.1 Algorithm Introduction 88 4.5.2 Case Study 89 4.6 Photovoltaic Penetration Improvement 93 4.6.1 Full Utilization of the Reactive Power Regulation Capability of a Distributed Photovoltaic System 93 4.6.2 Distribution Network Upgrade 93 4.6.3 Demand-Side Response 93 4.6.4 Energy Storage Technologies 94 4.7 Summary 94 References 94 5 Power Flow Analysis for Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Photovoltaics 97 5.1 Introduction 97 5.2 Power Flow Calculation for Distribution Networks with Distributed Photovoltaics 97 5.2.1 Comparison between Power Flow Calculation Methods for Distribution Networks 97 5.2.2 Power Flow CalculationModel for a Distributed Photovoltaics 99 5.2.3 Power Flow CalculationMethod for Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaics 100 5.3 Voltage Impact Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaics on Distribution Networks 101 5.3.1 MathematicalModel 101 5.3.2 Simulation Studies 103 5.4 Loss Analysis in Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaics 108 5.4.1 MathematicalModel 108 5.4.2 Simulation Results 110 5.5 Real Case Studies 112 5.5.1 Patterns for Distributed Photovoltaics Interconnection 112 5.5.2 Analysis on a Feeder 114 5.5.3 Analysis on SA Substation 118 5.6 Summary 123 References 123 6 Voltage Control for Distribution Network with High Penetration of Photovoltaics 125 6.1 Introduction 125 6.2 Voltage Impact Analysis in the Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaics 126 6.3 Voltage Control Measures 130 6.3.1 Automatic Voltage Control System 130 6.3.2 Feeder-Level Voltage Regulation 130 6.3.3 Photovoltaic Inverter 131 6.4 Photovoltaic Inverter Control Strategies 132 6.4.1 General Control Principle 132 6.4.2 Constant Power Factor Control Strategy 132 6.4.3 Variable Power Factor Control Strategy 133 6.4.4 Voltage Adaptive Control Strategy 134 6.4.4.1 Q/V Droop Control 134 6.4.4.2 P/V Droop control 136 6.4.4.3 Inverter Parameter Optimization 136 6.5 Modeling and Simulation 137 6.5.1 Approaches 137 6.5.2 Introduction to OpenDSS 138 6.5.3 SimulationModels 138 6.5.3.1 Automatic Voltage Control System 139 6.5.3.2 Photovoltaic SystemModel 142 6.6 Simulation Analysis 144 6.6.1 Basic Data Preparation for Simulation 144 6.6.2 Analysis of Power Flow and Voltage in Extreme Scenarios with Automatic Voltage Control 147 6.6.2.1 Working Day (July 16, 2014) Scenario 147 6.6.2.2 Holiday (May 1, 2014) Scenario 149 6.6.3 Participation of Photovoltaic Inverter in Voltage Regulation 151 6.6.3.1 Working Day (July 16, 2014) Scenario 151 6.6.3.2 Holiday (May 1, 2014) Scenario 156 6.7 Summary 163 References 163 7 Short-Circuit Current Analysis of Grid-Connected Distributed Photovoltaic Generation 165 7.1 Introduction 165 7.2 Short-Circuit Characteristic Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation 165 7.2.1 Short-Circuit Characteristic Analysis of Symmetric Voltage Sag of Power Grid 166 7.2.2 Short-Circuit Characteristic Analysis of Asymmetrical Voltage Sag of Power Grid 167 7.3 Low-Voltage Ride-Through Techniques of Photovoltaic Generation 169 7.3.1 Review of Low-Voltage Ride-Through Standards 170 7.3.2 Low-Voltage Ride-Through Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Generation 171 7.4 Simulation Studies 174 7.4.1 Fault Simulations of Photovoltaic Generation without the Low-Voltage Ride-T
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2017
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 621.31244; Photovoltaic power generation; Interconnected electric utility systems; Distributed generation of electric power
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119187356
• Notes: Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
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