Parametric time-frequency domain spatial audio. (2017)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Ville Pulkki, Symeon Delikaris-Manias, Archontis Politis.
• Authors: Pulkki, Ville; Delikaris-Manias, Symeon; Politis, Archontis
• Contents: Contents List of Contributors xiii Preface xv About the Companion Website xix Part I Analysis and Synthesis of Spatial Sound 1 Time–Frequency Processing: Methods and Tools 3; Juha Vilkamo and Tom Ba¨ckstro¨m 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Time–Frequency Processing 4 1.2.1 Basic Structure 4 1.2.2 Uniform Filter Banks 5 1.2.3 Prototype Filters and Modulation 6 1.2.4 A Robust Complex-Modulated Filter Bank, and Comparison with STFT 8 1.2.5 Overlap-Add and Windowing 12 1.2.6 Example Implementation of a Robust Filter Bank in Matlab 13 1.2.7 Cascaded Filters 15 1.3 Processing of Spatial Audio 16 1.3.1 Stochastic Estimates 17 1.3.2 Decorrelation 18 1.3.3 Optimal and Generalized Solution for Spatial Sound Processing Using Covariance Matrices 19 References 23 2 Spatial Decomposition by Spherical Array Processing 25; David Lou Alon and Boaz Rafaely 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Sound Field Measurement by a Spherical Array 26 2.3 Array Processing and Plane-Wave Decomposition 26 2.4 Sensitivity to Noise and Standard Regularization Methods 29 2.5 Optimal Noise-Robust Design 32 2.5.1 PWD Estimation Error Measure 32 2.5.2 PWD Error Minimization 34 2.5.3 R-PWD Simulation Study 35 2.6 Spatial Aliasing and High Frequency Performance Limit 37 2.7 High Frequency Bandwidth Extension by Aliasing Cancellation 39 2.7.1 Spatial Aliasing Error 39 2.7.2 AC-PWD Simulation Study 40 2.8 High Performance Broadband PWD Example 42 2.8.1 Broadband Measurement Model 42 2.8.2 Minimizing Broadband PWD Error 42 2.8.3 BB-PWD Simulation Study 44 2.9 Summary 45 2.10 Acknowledgment 46 References 46 3 Sound Field Analysis Using Sparse Recovery 49; Craig T. Jin, Nicolas Epain, and Tahereh Noohi 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 The Plane-Wave Decomposition Problem 50 3.2.1 Sparse Plane-Wave Decomposition 51 3.2.2 The Iteratively Reweighted Least-Squares Algorithm 51 3.3 Bayesian Approach to Plane-Wave Decomposition 53 3.4 Calculating the IRLS Noise-Power Regularization Parameter 55 3.4.1 Estimation of the Relative Noise Power 56 3.5 Numerical Simulations 58 3.6 Experiment: Echoic Sound Scene Analysis 59 3.7 Conclusions 65 Appendix 65 References 66 Part II Reproduction of Spatial Sound 69 Overview of Time–Frequency Domain Parametric Spatial Audio Techniques 71; Archontis Politis, Symeon Delikaris-Manias, and Ville Pulkki 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Parametric Processing Overview 73 4.2.1 Analysis Principles 74 4.2.2 Synthesis Principles 75 4.2.3 Spatial Audio Coding and Up-Mixing 76 4.2.4 Spatial Sound Recording and Reproduction 78 4.2.5 Auralization of Measured Room Acoustics and Spatial Rendering of Room Impulse Responses 81 References 82 5 First-Order Directional Audio Coding (DirAC) 89; Ville Pulkki, Archontis Politis, Mikko-Ville Laitinen, Juha Vilkamo, and Jukka Ahonen 5.1 Representing Spatial Sound with First-Order B-Format Signals 89 5.2 Some Notes on the Evolution of the Technique 92 5.3 DirAC with Ideal B-Format Signals 94 5.4 Analysis of Directional Parameters with Real Microphone Setups 97 5.4.1 DOA Analysis with Open 2D Microphone Arrays 97 5.4.2 DOA Analysis with 2D Arrays with a Rigid Baffle 99 5.4.3 DOA Analysis in Underdetermined Cases 101 5.4.4 DOA Analysis: Further Methods 102 5.4.5 Effect of Spatial Aliasing and Microphone Noise on the Analysis of Diffuseness 103 5.5 First-Order DirAC with Monophonic Audio Transmission 105 5.6 First-Order DirAC with Multichannel Audio Transmission 106 5.6.1 Stream-Based Virtual Microphone Rendering 106 5.6.2 Evaluation of Virtual Microphone DirAC 109 5.6.3 Discussion of Virtual Microphone DirAC 111 5.6.4 Optimized DirAC Synthesis 111 5.6.5 DirAC-Based Reproduction of Spaced-Array Recordings 114 5.7 DirAC Synthesis for Headphones and for Hearing Aids 117 5.7.1 Reproduction of B-Format Signals 117 5.7.2 DirAC in Hearing Aids 118 5.8 Optimizing the Time–Frequency Resolution of DirAC for Critical Signals 119 5.9 Example Implementation 120 5.9.1 Executing DirAC and Plotting Parameter History 122 5.9.2 DirAC Initialization 125 5.9.3 DirAC Runtime 131 5.9.4 Simplistic Binaural Synthesis of Loudspeaker Listening 136 5.10 Summary 137 References 138 6 Higher-Order Directional Audio Coding 141; Archontis Politis and Ville Pulkki 6.1 Introduction 141 6.2 Sound Field Model 144 6.3 Energetic Analysis and Estimation of Parameters 145 6.3.1 Analysis of Intensity and Diffuseness in the Spherical Harmonic Domain 146 6.3.2 Higher-Order Energetic Analysis 147 6.3.3 Sector Profiles 149 6.4 Synthesis of Target Setup Signals 151 6.4.1 Loudspeaker Rendering 152 6.4.2 Binaural Rendering 155 6.5 Subjective Evaluation 157 6.6 Conclusions 157 References 158 7 Multi-Channel Sound Acquisition Using a Multi-Wave Sound Field Model 161; Oliver Thiergart and Emanue¨l Habets 7.1 Introduction 161 7.2 Parametric Sound Acquisition and Processing 163 7.2.1 Problem Formulation 163 7.2.2 Principal Estimation of the Target Signal 166 7.3 Multi-Wave Sound Field and Signal Model 167 7.3.1 Direct Sound Model 168 7.3.2 Diffuse Sound Model 169 7.3.3 Noise Model 169 7.4 Direct and Diffuse Signal Estimation 170 7.4.1 Estimation of the Direct Signal Ys(k, n) 170 7.4.2 Estimation of the Diffuse Signal Yd(k, n) 176 7.5 Parameter Estimation 179 7.5.1 Estimation of the Number of Sources 179 7.5.2 Direction of Arrival Estimation 181 7.5.3 Microphone Input PSD Matrix 181 7.5.4 Noise PSD Estimation 182 7.5.5 Diffuse Sound PSD Estimation 182 7.5.6 Signal PSD Estimation in Multi-Wave Scenarios 185 7.6 Application to Spatial Sound Reproduction 186 7.6.1 State of the Art 186 7.6.2 Spatial Sound Reproduction Based on Informed Spatial Filtering 187 7.7 Summary 194 References 195 8 Adaptive Mixing of Excessively Directive and Robust Beamformers for Reproduction of Spatial Sound 201; Symeon Delikaris-Manias and Juha Vilkamo 8.1 Introduction 201 8.2 Notation and Signal Model 202 8.3 Overview of the Method 203 8.4 Loudspeaker-Based Spatial Sound Reproduction 204 8.4.1 Estimation of the Target Covariance Matrix Cy 204 8.4.2 Estimation of the Synthesis Beamforming Signals Ws 206 8.4.4 Processing the Synthesis Signals (Wsx) to Obtain the Target Covariance Matrix Cy 206 Spatial Energy Distribution 207 8.4.5 Listening Tests 208 8.5 Binaural-Based Spatial Sound Reproduction 209 8.5.1 Estimation of the Analysis and Synthesis Beamforming Weight Matrices 210 8.5.2 Diffuse-Field Equalization of HRTFs 210 8.5.3 Adaptive Mixing and Decorrelation 211 8.5.4 Subjective Evaluation 211 8.6 Conclusions 212 References 212 9 Source Separation and Reconstruction of Spatial Audio Using Spectrogram Factorization 215; Joonas Nikunen and Tuomas Virtanen 9.1 Introduction 215 9.2 Spectrogram Factorization 217 9.2.1 Mixtures of Sounds 217 9.2.2 Magnitude Spectrogram Models 218</p&g
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2017
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 621.3822; Surround-sound systems -- Mathematical models; Time-domain analysis; Signal processing
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119252610; 9781119252580
• Related ISBNs: 9781119252597
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