Reactive extrusion : principles and applications /: principles and applications. (2017)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Gunter Beyer, Christian Hopmann.
• Authors: Beyer, Gunter; Hopmann, Christian
• Contents: Preface xiii List of Contributors xv Part I Introduction 1 1 Introduction to Reactive Extrusion 3; Christian Hopmann, Maximilian Adamy, and Andreas Cohnen References 9 Part II Introduction to Twin-Screw Extruder for Reactive Extrusion 11 2 The Co-rotating Twin-Screw Extruder for Reactive Extrusion 13; Frank Lechner 2.1 Introduction 13 2.2 Development and Key Figures of the Co-rotating Twin-Screw Extruder 14 2.3 Screw Elements 16 2.4 Co-rotating Twin-Screw Extruder – Unit Operations 22 2.4.1 Feeding 23 2.4.2 Upstream Feeding 23 2.4.3 Downstream Feeding 24 2.4.4 Melting Mechanisms 24 2.4.5 Thermal Energy Transfer 24 2.4.6 Mechanical Energy Transfer 25 2.4.7 Mixing Mechanisms 25 2.4.8 Devolatilization/Degassing 25 2.4.9 Discharge 26 2.5 Suitability of Twin-Screw Extruders for Chemical Reactions 26 2.6 Processing of TPE-V 27 2.7 Polymerization ofThermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) 29 2.8 Grafting of Maleic Anhydride on Polyolefines 31 2.9 Partial Glycolysis of PET 32 2.10 Peroxide Break-Down of Polypropylene 33 2.11 Summary 35 References 35 Part III Simulation and Modeling 37 3 Modeling of Twin Screw Reactive Extrusion: Challenges and Applications 39; Françoise Berzin and Bruno Vergnes 3.1 Introduction 39 3.1.1 Presentation of the Reactive Extrusion Process 39 3.1.2 Examples of Industrial Applications 40 3.1.3 Interest of Reactive Extrusion Process Modeling 41 3.2 Principles and Challenges of the Modeling 41 3.2.1 Twin Screw Flow Module 42 3.2.2 Kinetic Equations 44 3.2.3 Rheokinetic Model 44 3.2.4 Coupling 45 3.2.5 Open Problems and Remaining Challenges 45 3.3 Examples of Modeling 46 3.3.1 Esterification of EVA Copolymer 46 3.3.2 Controlled Degradation of Polypropylene 50 3.3.3 Polymerization of -Caprolactone 55 3.3.4 Starch Cationization 59 3.3.5 Optimization and Scale-up 61 3.4 Conclusion 65 References 66 4 Measurement andModeling of Local Residence Time Distributions in a Twin-Screw Extruder 71; Xian-Ming Zhang, Lian-Fang Feng, and Guo-Hua Hu 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Measurement of the Global and Local RTD 72 4.2.1 Theory of RTD 72 4.2.2 In-line RTD Measuring System 73 4.2.3 Extruder and Screw Configurations 75 4.2.4 Performance of the In-line RTD Measuring System 76 4.2.5 Effects of Screw Speed and Feed Rate on RTD 77 4.2.6 Assessment of the Local RTD in the Kneading Disk Zone 79 4.3 Residence Time, Residence Revolution, and Residence Volume Distributions 81 4.3.1 Partial RTD, RRD, and RVD 82 4.3.2 Local RTD, RRD, and RVD 86 4.4 Modeling of Local Residence Time Distributions 88 4.4.1 KinematicModeling of Distributive Mixing 88 4.4.2 Numerical Simulation 89 4.4.3 Experimental Validation 92 4.4.4 DistributiveMixing Performance and Efficiency 93 4.5 Summary 97 References 98 5 In-processMeasurements for Reactive Extrusion Monitoring and Control 101; José A. Covas 5.1 Introduction 101 5.2 Requirements of In-process Monitoring of Reactive Extrusion 103 5.3 In-process Optical Spectroscopy 111 5.4 In-process Rheometry 116 5.5 Conclusions 125 Acknowledgment 126 References 126 Part IV Synthesis Concepts 133 6 Exchange Reaction Mechanisms in the Reactive Extrusion of Condensation Polymers 135; Concetto Puglisi and Filippo Samperi 6.1 Introduction 135 6.2 Interchange Reaction in Polyester/Polyester Blends 138 6.3 Interchange Reaction in Polycarbonate/Polyester Blends 143 6.4 Interchange Reaction in Polyester/Polyamide Blends 148 6.5 Interchange Reaction in Polycarbonate/Polyamide Blends 155 6.6 Interchange Reaction in Polyamide/Polyamide Blends 159 6.7 Conclusions 166 References 167 7 In situ Synthesis of Inorganic and/or Organic Phases in Thermoplastic Polymers by Reactive Extrusion 179<br /> Véronique Bounor-Legaré, Françoise Fenouillot, and Philippe Cassagnau 7.1 Introduction 179 7.2 Nanocomposites 179 7.2.1 Synthesis of in situ Nanocomposites 181 7.2.2 Some Specific Applications 183 7.2.2.1 Antibacterial Properties of PP/TiO2 Nanocomposites 183 7.2.2.2 Flame-Retardant Properties 184 7.2.2.3 Protonic Conductivity 186 7.3 Polymerization of a Thermoplastic Minor Phase: Toward Blend 7.4 Polymerization of a Thermoset Minor Phase Under Shear 196 7.4.1 Thermoplastic Polymer/Epoxy-Amine Miscible Blends 197 7.4.2 Examples of Stabilization of Thermoplastic Polymer/Epoxy-Amine Blends 202 7.4.3 Blends ofThermoplastic Polymer with Monomers Crosslinking via Radical Polymerization 202 7.5 Conclusion 203 References 204 8 Concept of (Reactive) Compatibilizer-Tracer for Emulsification Curve Build-up, Compatibilizer Selection, and Process Optimization of Immiscible Polymer Blends 209; Cai-Liang Zhang, Wei-Yun Ji, Lian-Fang Feng, and Guo-Hua Hu 8.1 Introduction 209 8.2 Emulsification Curves of Immiscible Polymer Blends in a Batch Mixer 210 8.3 Emulsification Curves of Immiscible Polymer Blends in a Twin-Screw Extruder Using the Concept (Reactive) Compatibilizer 213 8.3.1 Synthesis of (Reactive) Compatibilizer-Tracers 213 8.3.2 Development of an In-line Fluorescence Measuring Device 214 8.3.3 Experimental Procedure for Emulsification Curve Build-up 216 8.3.4 Compatibilizer Selection Using the Concept of Compatibilizer-Tracer 219 8.3.5 Process Optimization Using the Concept of Compatibilizer-Tracer 220 8.3.5.1 Effect of Screw Speed 220 8.3.5.2 Effects of the Type of Mixer 221 8.3.6 Section Summary 221 8.4 Emulsification Curves of Reactive Immiscible Polymer Blends in a Twin-Screw Exturder 222 8.4.1 Reaction Kinetics between Reactive Functional Groups 222 8.4.2 (Non-reactive) Compatibilizers Versus Reactive Compatibilizers 223 8.4.3 An Example of Reactive Compatibilizer-Tracer 224 8.4.4 Assessment of the Morphology Development of Reactive Immiscible Polymer Blends Using the Concept of Reactive Compatibilizer 225 8.4.5 Emulsification Curve Build-up in a Twin-Screw Extruder Using the Concept of Reactive Compatibilizer-Tracer 229 8.4.6 Assessment of the Effects of Processing Parameters Using the Concept of Reactive Compatibilizer-Tracer 233 8.4.6.1 Effect of the Reactive Compatibilizer-Tracer Injection Location 233 8.4.6.2 Effect of the Blend Composition 235 8.4.6.3 Effect of the Geometry of Screw Elements 238 8.5 Conclusion 241 References 241 Part V Selected Examples of Synthesis 245 9 Nano-structuring of Polymer Blends by in situ Polymerization and in situ Compatibilization Processes 247; Cai-Liang Zhang, Lian-Fang Feng, and Guo-Hua Hu 9.1 Introduction 247 9.2 Morphology Development of Classical Immiscible Polymer Blending Processes 248 9.2.1 Solid–Liquid Transition Stage 249 9.2.2 Melt Flow Stage 251 9.2.3 Effect of Compatibilizer 253 9.3 In situ Polymerization and in situ Compatibilization of Polymer Blends 255 9.3.1 Principles 255 9.3.2 Classical Polymer Blending Versus in situ Polymerization and in situ Compatibilization 255 9.3.3 Examples of Nano-structured Polymer Blends by in situ Polymerization and in situ Compatibilization 257 9.3.3.1 PP/PA6 Nano-blends
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
• Publication Date: 2017
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 668.413; Plastics -- Extrusion
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9783527801558; 9783527801534; 9783527801565
• Related ISBNs: 9783527340989
• Notes: Note: Description based on CIP data; resource not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.