Industrial hygiene control of airborne chemical hazards. (2006)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: William Popendorf.
• Other Names: Popendorf, William
• Contents: AN INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE CHEMICAL HAZARD CONTROL; An Overview of Industrial Hygiene; The Spatial Spectrum of Exposure Scenarios; The IH Paradigm of Control Priorities; The Approach, Organization, and Philosophy of this Book; ; BASIC GAS AND VAPOR BEHAVIOR; Gas and Vapor Definitions; Vapor Pressure Changes with Liquid Temperature; IH Uses of Dalton's Law; IH Uses of the Ideal Gas Law; The Effects of T and P on Airborne Concentration; The Effects of T and MW on Plume Density; Dense Vapors; ; BASIC AEROSOL BEHAVIOR; How Aerosols Differ from Gases and Vapors; Aerosol Definitions; Particle Diameter Distributions; Modeling Particle Behavior; Stokes and Aerodynamic Diameters; Aerosol Diameters and Human Health; ; CHEMICAL EXPOSURE CONTROL CRITERIA; Performance and Specification Standards; Health Criteria for Chemical Control; Safety Criteria for Chemical Control; The Oxygen Deficiency Criterion; Comparisons among Criteria; OSHA Ventilation Standards; Open-Surface Tanks; Appendix; ; VAPOR GENERATION AND BEHAVIOR; Mechanisms of Vapor Generation; Mechanisms of Plume Dispersion; Four Universal Airborne Chemical Exposure Scenarios; Four Settings with Vapor Accumulation; Vapors from Incomplete Evaporation with No Ventilation; Vapors from Complete Evaporation with No Ventilation; Differentiating between Complete from Incomplete Evaporation; Vapors from Continuous Evaporation with Ventilation; ; VAPOR PRESSURE IN MIXTURES; Mixtures; Defining Liquid Mixtures; Raoult's Law for Ideal Liquid Mixtures; The Need for an Empirical Adjustment to Raoult's Law; Methods to Predict an Empirical Adjustment to Raoult's Law; Examples of Mixtures; Henry's Law; Measuring Mixtures Experimentally; Applying Predictive Methods to Mixtures; ; CHANGING THE WORKPLACE; The Technologic Dimension of Change; The Psychologic Dimension of Change; The Economic Dimension of Change; Implementing the IH Control Paradigm; ; SOURCE CONTROL VIA SUBSTITUTION; Alternative Technologies; Volatility and Alternative Chemicals; Aqueous Solvents; Semiaqueous Solvents; Organic Solvents; Toxicity versus Volatility; The Vapor Hazard Ratio; Using VHR and Other Indices in Risk Management; ; OTHER SOURCE AND NONVENTILATION PATHWAY CONTROLS; Concepts; Some Nonvolatile Chemical Source Controls; Some Volatile Chemical Source Controls; Effects of Modifying Volatile Chemical Source Variables; Work Practices as an Exposure Control; Automation as an Exposure Control; Separation as an Exposure Control; Isolation as an Exposure Control; Fundamental Nonventilation Control Equations; ; AN OVERVIEW OF LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION; Local Exhaust Ventilation Definitions; Principles of Local Exhaust Ventilation; The LEV Design Sequence; ; VENTILATION FLOW RATES AND PRESSURES; Applying Conservation of Mass to Ventilation; Applying Conservation of Energy to Ventilation; Static Pressures (P and SP); Velocity Pressure; Total Pressure and Pressure Losses; Compilation of the Fundamental Ventilation Control Equations; Appendix; ; MEASURING VENTILATION FLOW RATES; Qualitative Air Flow Indicators; Air Velocity and Manometers; Aerodynamic Velocity Meters; Thermodynamic Velocity Meters; The Boundary Layer; Assessing Flow in Ducts; Calibrating Anemometers; ; DESIGNING AND SELECTING LOCAL EXHAUST HOODS; Local Exhaust Hood Design Principles; Selecting a Control Velocity; Using the DallaValle Equation; Designing a Slotted Collection Hood; Designing a Hood Using an ACGIH "VS" Diagram; Designing a Hood for an Open Surface Tank; Designing a Canopy Hood over an Isothermal Source; Designing a Canopy Hood over a Hot Source; Designing a Push-Pull Hood System; Using an Air Shower; Using Commercial and Other Specialty Hoods; ; PREDICTING PRESSURE LOSSES IN VENTILATION SYSTEMS; A Primer on Energy and Pressure Losses; Energy Losses from Hood or Duct Entry; Selecting a Duct Velocity; Selecting the Duct Size and Material; Energy Losses from Friction in Straight Ducts; An Example of Hood Entry and Duct Friction Losses; Turbulence in Duct Fittings; Losses from Elbows; Losses from Duct Contractions; Losses from Duct Expansions; Comparing Contraction and Expansion Losses; Energy Losses in Branched Duct Systems; The LEV Design Worksheet; ; EXHAUST AIR CLEANERS AND STACKS; Air Cleaning Needs and Options; Air Cleaner Selection Criteria; Particulate Aerosol Collectors; Aerosol and Gas Collectors; Gas and Vapor Collectors; Exhaust Stacks and Reentrainment; ; VENTILATION FANS; Fans have Two Pressures; Fan Performance; Matching Fan Performance to System Requirements; Some Air Mover Terminology; Axial Fans; Centrifugal Fans; The Fan Laws; Fan Selection and Installation; ; VENTILATION OPERATING COSTS; Fan Efficiency and Power Consumption; Electricity Costs for Fans; Make-Up Air; Heating Costs for Make-Up Air; Cooling Costs for Make-Up Air; Energy Conservation; ; LEV SYSTEM MANAGEMENT; Why Monitor System Performance; When to Monitor System Performance; Where, What, and How to Monitor System Performance; LEV Troubleshooting; Postinstallation LEV Adjustments; Appendix; ; GENERAL VENTILATION AND TRANSIENT CONDITIONS; General Ventilation and Chemical Control; Components of the Dilution Ventilation Model; The General Solution to the Dilution Ventilation Model; Concentrations during a Transient Increase; Concentrations during a Transient Decrease; Accumulation with No Ventilation; ; GENERAL VENTILATION IN STEADY STATE CONDITIONS; The Concentration in Steady State Conditions; Normal Building Ventilation Requirements; Methods to Estimate a Contaminant Generation Rate; General Ventilation (HVAC) Systems; Controlling Exposures Via Dilution Ventilation; Sources of HVAC and Indoor Air Quality Problems; ; ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS AND CHEMICAL PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT; Administrative Controls; Personal Protective Equipment; Basic PPE Program Management; Terms and Concepts Regarding Chemical PPE; Recognizing Dermal Hazards; Chemical Protective Gloves; Chemical Protective Clothing; Levels of PPE Ensembles; Appendix; ; RESPIRATOR CONTROLS; Respirator Terms and Concepts; Different Kinds of Protection Factors; Variables Affecting Protection Factors; Respirator Fit and Seal Testing; Respiratory Protection Program Requirements; A Respirator Selection Protocol; Appendices; ; APPENDICES; Index
• Publisher Details: Place of publication not identified : CRC Press
• Publication Date: 2006
• Extent: 1 online resource (728 pages), (298 illustrations)
• Subjects: 604.7; Volatile organic compounds -- Safety measures; Chemical industry -- Safety measures; Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Environmental management
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781420009408; 1420009400
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.