Small hydroelectric engineering practice. ([2014])

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Bryan Leyland, Leyland Consultants, Auckland, New Zealand.
• Other Names: Leyland, Bryan
• Contents: 1 Introduction; 1.1 Key features of small hydro schemes 2 Scheme identification; 2.1 Preliminary study; 2.1.1 Cost estimates; 2.2 Feasibility study; 2.2.1 Site survey; 2.2.2 Hydrology; 2.2.3 Geology; 2.2.4 Environmental assessment; 2.2.5 Preliminary estimates; 2.2.6 Preliminary report 3 Refining the design; 3.1 Hydrology; 3.2 Geology; 3.3 Headworks; 3.3.1 Spillway options; 3.3.2 Intakes; 3.3.3 Canal design; 3.4 Penstocks and intakes; 3.4.1 Penstock intakes; 3.4.2 Steel penstocks; 3.4.3 Wood stave penstocks; 3.4.4 Plastic and GRP penstocks; 3.5 Turbine selection; 3.5.1 Low head turbines; 3.5.2 Medium head turbines; 3.5.3 High head turbines; 3.6 Powerhouse arrangement; 3.7 Useful spreadsheets; 3.8 Preliminary financial analysis; 3.9 Outside financing; 3.9.1 “Bankable’’ feasibility study; 3.9.2 Economic and financial analysis 4 Detailed design of intake works, canals and penstocks; 4.1 Environmental factors; 4.2 Final optimisation; 4.2.1 Technical optimisation; 4.2.2 “Alab’’ computer program; 4.2.3 “Hydrohelp’’ computer program; 4.3 Intakes at low weirs; 4.3.1 Coanda screen; 4.3.2 Streambed intake; 4.3.3 Bypassing; 4.3.4 Settling basin; 4.4 Conventional intakes; 4.4.1 Screen cleaners; 4.4.2 Intake gates; 4.4.3 Penstock filling; 4.4.4 Additional information on intakes; 4.5 Spillways; 4.5.1 Flap (fish belly) gates; 4.5.2 Obermeyer gates; 4.5.3 Radial gates; 4.6 Bypass gates; 4.7 Stoplogs and bulkheads; 4.8 Canal regulating gates; 4.9 Additional information on gates; 4.10 Canals; 4.10.1 Controlling leakage; 4.10.2 Small unlined canals; 4.10.3 Canal linings; 4.10.4 Under drainage; 4.10.5 Further information; 4.11 Penstocks and water hammer; 4.11.1 Water hammer; 4.11.2 Steel penstocks; 4.11.3 Glass reinforced plastic (GRP) penstocks; 4.11.4 HDPE and PVC penstocks; 4.12 Surface treatment and painting of steelwork 5 Turbine selection; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Number of turbines; 5.3 Particulate erosion; 5.4 Kaplan and Francis turbines; 5.4.1 Guide vanes; 5.4.2 Guide vane actuation; 5.4.3 Cavitation; 5.4.4 Hydraulic stability and rough running; 5.5 Low head turbines; 5.5.1 Dimensions of Kaplan turbines; 5.5.2 Vertical Kaplan turbines; 5.5.3 Bulb turbines; 5.5.4 Pit turbines; 5.5.5 Matrix turbines; 5.5.6 Axial Kaplan turbines; 5.5.7 Open flume Kaplan turbines; 5.5.8 Very low head turbines; 5.5.9 Stoplogs and emergency isolation; 5.6 Medium head turbines; 5.6.1 Dimensions of Francis turbines; 5.6.2 Air admission; 5.6.3 Vertical Francis turbines; 5.6.4 Horizontal Francis turbines; 5.6.5 Twin horizontal Francis turbines; 5.6.6 Inlet valves; 5.6.7 Relief valves; 5.6.8 Bypass valves; 5.7 Pelton turbines ; 5.7.1 Dimensions of Pelton turbines; 5.7.2 Pelton turbine arrangement; 5.7.3 Pelton turbine runners; 5.7.4 Pelton turbine options; 5.7.5 Turgo turbines; 5.8 Governing systems 6 Generators; 6.1 Overspeed; 6.2 Synchronous generators; 6.2.1 Stators; 6.2.2 Corona; 6.2.3 Excitation systems; 6.2.4 Neutral earthing; 6.2.5 Lightning protection; 6.2.6 Generator cooling; 6.2.7 Overspeed testing; 6.2.8 Increasing generator inertia; 6.2.9 Bearings; 6.2.10 PTFE bearings; 6.2.11 Bearing cooling and monitoring; 6.2.12 Induction generators 7 Electrical systems; 7.1 Single line diagram; 7.1.1 Transformers; 7.1.2 Station earthing; 7.1.3 Transmission; 7.2 Control; 7.2.1 Control philosophy; 7.2.2 Communications; 7.2.3 Programmable Logic Controllers; 7.2.4 Programming instructions; 7.3 Protection and instrumentation; 7.4 Synchronising 8 Auxiliary plant ; 8.1 Auxiliary AC power supplies; 8.2 DC power supplies; 8.3 Water piping; 8.4 Sump pumping 9 Specifications and contracts; 9.1 Conditions of contract; 9.1.1 General Conditions of Contract; 9.2 Specifications for major generating plant; 9.2.1 Turbine specifications; 9.2.2 Governing systems; 9.2.3 Inlet and bypass valves; 9.2.4 Generator specifications; 9.2.5 Tender schedules; 9.2.6 Sample specifications; 9.3 Specifications for other mechanical and electrical plant; 9.4 Surface preparation and painting; 9.4.1 Background; 9.4.2 Specification requirements; 9.5 Assessment of tenders 10 Powerhouse layout and design 11 Construction and commissioning; 11.1 Project construction; 11.2 Commissioning 12 Operation; 12.1 Generating plant; 12.2 Civil works; 12.3 Safety and environmental requirements 13 Lessons from failures; 13.1 Civil engineering failures; 13.1.1 Ruahihi canal collapse; 13.1.2 Wheao canal and head-pond breach; 13.1.3 Aniwhenua canal leak; 13.1.4 Lessons from civil engineering failures; 13.2 Generating plant failures; 13.2.1 Station in the Pacific, 1990; 13.2.2 Mangahao power station; 13.2.3 Tuai power station; 13.2.4 Duffers power station 14 Appendix 1: Useful spreadsheets and computer programs; 14.1 Hydro scheme data and cost estimates; 14.2 Intake screen head losses; 14.3 Turbine dimensions; 14.4 Cost estimates for turbines and generators; 14.5 Financial analysis 15 Appendix 2: Financial and economic considerations; 15.1 Objectives of financial analysis; 15.2 Objectives of economic analysis; 15.3 Approach and methodology; 15.3.1 Financial evaluation; 15.3.2 Levelized Cost of Electricity; 15.3.3 Overview of economic cost benefit analysis 16 Appendix 3: Environmental issues with two hydropower schemes; 16.1 Aniwhenua; 16.2 Onekaka 17 Appendix 4: Making the most of hydro specifications; 17.1 Introduction; 17.2 The tenderer/contractor – an interesting species; 17.3 Specifications; 17.3.1 Performance specifications; 17.3.2 Performance specification vs prescriptive specification; 17.3.3 Getting the “A’’ team; 17.3.4 Life cycle cost analysis; 17.3.5 Is the specification tough enough?; 17.3.6 Interfacing with existing equipment; 17.3.7 Warranties; 17.3.8 Drawings; 17.3.9 Innovation vs conservatism; 17.3.10 Contract inspection; 17.3.11 Works acceptance vs Site acceptance; 17.3.12 Project schedule; 17.4 Looking beyond the specification; 17.4.1 Educating our masters; 17.4.2 Legal advice; 17.4.3 Commercial advice and instruction; 17.4.4 General Conditions of Contract; 17.4.5 Special Conditions of Contract; 17.4.6 Instructions to tenderers; 17.4.7 Partnering; 17.4.8 Tender evaluation; 17.5 Conclusion References; Subject index; Contents of CD
• Publisher Details: Boca Raton : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis
• Publication Date: 2014
• Extent: 1 online resource (xxi, 229 pages), illustrations
• Subjects: 621.31/2134; Small scale hydropower; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Civil -- Dams & Reservoirs; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Environmental -- General; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Power Resources -- Electrical; Small scale hydropower
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781138000988; 1138000981; 9781315816531; 1315816539
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.