Soil and water contamination : from molecular to catchment scale /: from molecular to catchment scale. (2013)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Marcel van der Perk.
• Other Names: Perk, Marcel van der
• Contents: PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION; PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION PART I AN INTRODUCTION TO SOIL AND WATER CONTAMINATION 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Historical perspective; 1.2 Environmental pollution; 1.3 Environmental pollutants; 1.3.1 Classification of pollutants; 1.3.2 Background concentrations; 1.3.3 Anthropogenic sources; 1.4 Ecological impacts; 1.5 Spatial and temporal variability and the concept of scale; 1.6 Outline and rationale of this book; Exercises 2 BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Units of analysis; 2.3 Activity; 2.4 Background thermodynamics; 2.5 Phases and phase transitions; 2.5.1 Phases; 2.5.2 Thermodynamic considerations on phase transitions; 2.5.3 Partition coefficient; 2.5.4 Partitioning between dissolved phase and adsorbed phase; 2.5.5 Fugacity; 2.6 Chemical equilibrium and kinetics; 2.6.1 Equilibrium; 2.6.2 Kinetics; 2.7 Dissolution–precipitation reactions; 2.8 Complexation; 2.9 Acid–base reactions; 2.9.1 Introduction; 2.9.2 Acids; 2.9.3 Bases; 2.9.4 Buffering; 2.10 Redox reactions VI Soil and Water Contamination; 2.10.1 Introduction; 2.10.2 Oxidation state; 2.10.3 Redox potential; 2.10.4 Redox reactions and pe; 2.10.5 pH–Eh diagrams; 2.11 Further reading on basic chemistry; Exercises 3 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Soil; 3.2.1 Definition of soil; 3.2.2 Sources of soil pollution; 3.2.3 Soil water; 3.2.4 Soil erosion; 3.2.5 Physico-chemical conditions in soil; 3.3 Groundwater; 3.3.1 Definition of groundwater; 3.3.2 Sources of groundwater pollution; 3.3.3 Physico-chemical conditions in groundwater; 3.4 Surface water; 3.4.1 Definition of surface water; 3.4.2 Bed sediments; 3.4.3 Sources of surface water pollution; 3.4.4 Physico-chemical conditions in surface water; 3.5 Further reading on soils, groundwater, and surface water; Exercises ; PART II SOURCES, ROLE, AND BEHAVIOUR OF SUBSTANCES IN SOIL AND WATER 4 SOLID PHASE CONSTITUENTS; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Inorganic components; 4.2.1 Composition and formation; 4.2.2 Aluminium and iron oxides/hydroxides; 4.2.3 Clay minerals; 4.2.4 Asbestos; 4.2.5 Nanomaterials; 4.3 Organic components; 4.3.1 Composition and formation; 4.3.2 Interaction with the aqueous phase; 4.3.3 Interaction with mineral surfaces; 4.3.4 Decomposition of organic matter; 4.4 Sorption by soils and sediments; Exercises 5 MAJOR DISSOLVED PHASE CONSTITUENTS; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Sodium; 5.3 Potassium; 5.4 Calcium; 5.5 Magnesium; 5.6 Iron; 5.7 Manganese; 5.8 Aluminium; 5.9 Chloride; 5.10 Inorganic carbon; 5.11 Sulphate and sulphide; Exercises 6 NUTRIENTS; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Nitrogen; 6.2.1 Environmental role and occurrence of nitrogen; 6.2.2 Nitrogen cycle; 6.2.3 External sources and sinks; 6.3 Phosphorus ; 6.3.1 Environmental role and occurrence of phosphorus; 6.3.2 Phosphorus cycle; 6.3.3 External sources and sinks; Exercises 7 HEAVY METALS; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Zinc; 7.3 Copper; 7.4 Lead; 7.5 Cadmium; 7.6 Nickel; 7.7 Chromium; 7.8 Mercury; 7.9 Arsenic; 7.10 Selenium; Exercises 8 RADIONUCLIDES; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Natural radionuclides; 8.2.1 Terrestrial radionuclides; 8.2.2 Cosmogenic radionuclides; 8.3 Man-made radionuclides; 8.3.1 Production and releases; 8.3.2 Accidental releases; 8.3.3 Nuclear weapons; 8.3.4 Environmental behaviour and effects of selected man-made radionuclides; Exercises 9 ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Petroleum and derivatives; 9.3 Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; 9.4 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; 9.5 Chlorinated hydrocarbons; 9.5.1 Aliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons; 9.5.2 Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH); 9.5.3 Hexachlorobenzene (HCB); 9.5.4 Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT); 9.5.5 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); 9.6 Dioxins; 9.7 Emerging substances of concern; 9.7.1 Current-use pesticides; 9.7.2 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products; 9.7.3 Endocrine-Modulating Chemicals; 9.7.4 Microplastics; Exercises ; PART III TRANSPORT PROCESSES OF SUBSTANCES IN SOIL AND WATER 10 SYSTEMS AND MODELS; 10.1 A systems approach; 10.2 The role of mathematical models; 10.3 Classification of mathematical models; Exercises 11 SUBSTANCE TRANSPORT; 11.1 Mass balance; 11.2 Advection; 11.2.1 Advection equation; 11.2.2 Load calculation and mixing; 11.3 Diffusion and dispersion; 11.3.1 Molecular diffusion; 11.3.2 Turbulent diffusion and mechanical dispersion; 11.3.3 Longitudinal dispersion; 11.3.4 Transverse dispersion; 11.3.5 Numerical dispersion; 11.4 Multi-fluid flow; Exercises 12 SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION; 12.1 Introduction; 12.2 Transport equation; 12.3 Bottom shear stress; 12.4 Sediment deposition; 12.5 Sediment erosion; 12.6 Long-term soil erosion and deposition; Exercises 13 CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; 13.1 Introduction; 13.2 Sorption equilibrium and kinetics; 13.3 Biological production and degradation; Exercises 14 GAS EXCHANGE; 14.1 Henry’s law; 14.2 Thin film model; 14.3 Reaeration; 14.4 Gas exchange controlled on the water side; 14.5 Gas exchange controlled on the air side; 14.6 Gas exchange in the subsurface environment; Exercises 15 MODEL CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION; 15.1 Introduction; 15.2 Model performance criteria; 15.3 Considerations affecting model choice; Exercises ; PART IV PATTERNS OF SUBSTANCES IN SOIL AND WATER 16 PATTERNS IN THE SOIL AND IN THE VADOSE ZONE; 16.1 Introduction; 16.2 Natural variation in background concentrations ; 16.3 Variation due to clay and organic matter content; 16.4 Lateral variation; 16.4.1 Introduction; 16.4.2 Effects of fertiliser and pesticide application; 16.4.3 Effects of atmospheric deposition; 16.4.4 Effects of soil erosion and deposition; 16.5 Vertical variation; 16.5.1 Introduction; 16.5.2 Effects of leaching; 16.5.3 Effects of contamination history; 16.6 Further reading on contaminants in soil; Exercises 17 PATTERNS IN GROUNDWATER; 17.1 Introduction; 17.2 Hydrological systems analysis; 17.3 Hydrochemical systems analysis; 17.4 Effects of lateral variation in contaminant inputs; 17.5 Effects of temporal variation in contaminant inputs; 17.6 Effects of dispersion; 17.7 Effects of retardation; 17.8 Effects of acid–base reactions; 17.9 Effects of redox reactions; 17.10 Further reading on contaminants in groundwater; Exercises 18 PATTERNS IN SURFACE WATER; 18.1 Introduction; 18.2 Spatial variation in river water composition; 18.2.1 Effects of diffuse sources; 18.2.2 Effects of point sources 3; 18.3 Temporal variation in river water composition; 18.3.1 Short-term dynamics; 18.3.2 Hysteresis response of dissolved concentrations to changes in discharge; 18.3.3 Release of old water; 18.3.4 Sediment dynamics; 18.3.5 Concentration rating curves; 18.3.6 Significance of hydrological events for substance transport; 18.3.7 Seasonal dynamics of nutrient concentrations; 18.3.8 Long-term dynamics; 18.4 Variation in lake water composition; 18.4.1 Role of lakes in catchment sediment and nutrient budgets; 18.4.2 Lateral variation; 18.4.3 Vertical variation during summer stratification; 18.4.4 Temporal variation; 18.5 Further reading on contaminants in surface water; Exercises REFERENCES; APPENDIX I THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS; APPENDIX 2 ANSWERS TO EXERCISES; INDEX;
• Edition: 2nd ed
• Publisher Details: Place of publication not identified : CRC Press
• Publication Date: 2013
• Extent: 1 online resource (428 pages)
• Subjects: 363.7394; Water -- Pollution; Soil pollution; Pollutants -- Transport properties; Contaminated sediments
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9780203768891; 0203768892
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.