Magnetic resonance imaging in tissue engineering. (2017)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Edited by Mrignayani Kotecha, Richard L. Magin, and Jeremy J. Mao.
• Editors: Kotecha, Mrignayani, 1968-; Magin, Richard L; Mao, Jeremy J
• Contents: List of Plates xiii About the Editors xix List of Contributors xxi Foreword xxv Preface xxvii Book Summary xxxi Part I Enabling Magnetic Resonance Techniques for Tissue Engineering Applications 1 1 Stem Cell Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: Role of Imaging 3; Bo Chen, Caleb Liebman, Parisa Rabbani, and Michael Cho 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 3D Biomimetics 5 1.3 Assessment of Stem Cell Differentiation and Tissue Development 8 1.4 Description of Imaging Modalities for Tissue Engineering 8 1.4.1 Optical Microscopy 9 1.4.2 Fluorescence Microscopy 9 1.4.3 Multiphoton Microscopy 11 1.4.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 14 Acknowledgments 15 References 15 2 Principles and Applications of Quantitative Parametric MRI in Tissue Engineering 21; Mrignayani Kotecha 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Basics of MRI 25 2.2.1 Nuclear Spins 25 2.2.2 Radio Frequency Pulse Excitation and Relaxation 28 2.2.3 From MRS to MRI 31 2.3 MRI Contrasts for Tissue Engineering Applications 32 2.3.1 Chemical Shift 33 2.3.2 Relaxation Times—T1 and T2 33 2.3.3 Water Apparent Diffusion Coefficient 36 2.3.4 Fractional Anisotropy 37 2.4 X‐Nuclei MRI for Tissue Engineering Applications 38 2.5 Preparing Engineered Tissues for MRI Assessment 38 2.5.1 In Vitro Assessment 38 2.5.2 In Vivo Assessment 39 2.6 Limitations of MRI Assessment in Tissue Engineering 39 2.7 Future Directions 40 2.7.1 Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 40 2.7.2 Cell–ECM–Biomaterial Interaction 40 2.7.3 Quantitative MRI 40 2.7.4 Standardization of MRI Methods for In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment 40 2.7.5 Super‐Resolution MRI Techniques 41 2.7.6 Magnetic Resonance Elastography 41 2.7.7 Benchtop MRI 41 2.8 Conclusions 41 References 42 3 High Field Sodium MRS/MRI: Application to Cartilage Tissue Engineering 49; Mrignayani Kotecha 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Sodium as an MR Probe 50 3.3 Pulse Sequences 53 3.3.1 Pulse Sequences for Measuring TSC 53 3.3.2 TQC Pulse Sequences for Measuring ωQ and ω0τc 54 3.4 Assessment of Tissue‐Engineered Cartilage 55 3.4.1 Proteoglycan Assessment 57 3.4.2 Assessment of Tissue Anisotropy and Molecular Dynamics 60 3.4.3 Assessment of Osteochondral Tissue Engineering 61 3.5 Sodium Biomarkers for Engineered Tissue Assessment 63 3.5.1 Engineered Tissue Sodium Concentration (ETSC) 63 3.5.2 Average Quadrupolar Coupling (ωQ) 64 3.5.3 Motional Averaging Parameter (ω0τc) 64 3.6 Future Directions 64 3.7 Summary 64 References 65 4 SPIO‐Labeled Cellular MRI in Tissue Engineering: A Case Study in Growing Valvular Tissues 71; Elnaz Pour Issa and Sharan Ramaswamy 4.1 Setting the Stage: A Clinical Problem Requiring a Tissue Engineering Solution 71 4.2 SPIO Labeling of Cells 72 4.2.1 Ferumoxides 72 4.2.2 Transfection Agents 73 4.2.3 Labeling Protocols 75 4.3 Applications 76 4.3.1 Traditional Usage of SPIO‐Labeled Cellular MRI 76 4.3.2 SPIO‐Labeled Cellular MRI in Tissue Engineering 76 4.4 Case Study: SPIO‐Labeled Cellular MRI for Heart Valve Tissue Engineering 77 4.4.1 Experimental Design 77 4.4.2 Potential Approaches—In Vitro 78 4.4.3 Potential Approaches—In Vivo 81 4.5 Conclusions and Future Outlook 83 Acknowledgment 84 References 84 5 Magnetic Resonance Elastography Applications in Tissue Engineering 91; Shadi F. Othman and Richard L. Magin 5.1 Introduction 91 5.2 Introduction to MRE 93 5.2.1 Theoretical Basis of MRE 94 5.2.2 The Inverse Problem and Direct Algebraic Inversion 96 5.2.3 Direct Algebraic Inversion Algorithm 101 5.3 Current Applications of MRE in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 108 5.3.1 In Vitro TE μMRE 108 5.3.2 In Vivo TE μMRE 110 5.4 Conclusion 114 References 114 6 Finite‐Element Method in MR Elastography: Application in Tissue Engineering 117; Yifei Liu and Thomas J. Royston 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 FEA in MRE Inversion Algorithm Verification 118 6.3 FEM in Stiffness Estimation from MRE Data 120 6.4 FEA in Experimental Validation in Tissue Engineering Application 121 6.5 Conclusions and Discussion 124 Acknowledgment 125 References 125 7 In Vivo EPR Oxygen Imaging: A Case for Tissue Engineering 129; Boris Epel, Mrignayani Kotecha, and Howard J. Halpern 7.1 Introduction 129 7.2 History of EPROI 131 7.3 Principles of EPR Imaging 132 7.4 EPR Oxymetry 134 7.5 EPROI Instrumentation and Methodology 135 7.5.1 EPR Frequency 135 7.5.2 Resonators 135 7.5.3 Magnets 136 7.5.4 EPR Imagers 137 7.6 Spin Probes for Pulse EPR Oxymetry 138 7.7 Image Registration 139 7.8 Tissue Engineering Applications 140 7.8.1 EPROI in Scaffold Design 140 7.8.2 EPROI in Tissue Engineering 142 7.9 Summary and Future Outlook 142 Acknowledgment 142 References 143 Part II Tissue‐Specific Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Tissue Engineering 149 8 Tissue‐Engineered Grafts for Bone and Meniscus Regeneration and Their Assessment Using MRI 151; Hanying Bai, Mo Chen, Yongxing Liu, Qimei Gong, Ling He, Juan Zhong, Guodong Yang, Jinxuan Zheng, Xuguang Nie, Yixiong Zhang, and Jeremy J. Mao 8.1 Overview of Tissue Engineering with MRI 151 8.2 Assessment of Bone Regeneration by Tissue Engineering with MRI 152 8.3 MRI for 3D Modeling and 3D Print Manufacturing in Tissue Engineering 157 8.4 Assessment of Menisci Repair and Regeneration by Tissue Engineering with MRI 161 8.5 Conclusion 168 Acknowledgments 168 References 169 9 MRI Assessment of Engineered Cartilage Tissue Growth 179; Mrignayani Kotecha and Richard L. Magin 9.1 Introduction 179 9.2 Cartilage 181 9.3 Cartilage Tissue Engineering 182 9.3.1 Cells 183 9.3.1.1 Chondrocytes 183 9.3.1.2 Stem Cells 183 9.3.2 Biomaterials 183 9.3.3 Growth Factors 184 9.3.4 Growth Conditions 184 9.4 Animal Models in Cartilage Tissue Engineering 184 9.5 Tissue Growth Assessment 186 9.6 MRI in the Assessment of Tissue‐Engineered Cartilage 187 9.7 Periodic Assessment of Tissue‐Engineered Cartilage Using MRI 187 9.7.1 Assessment of Tissue Growth In Vitro 187 9.7.1.1 Accounting for Scaffold in Tissue Assessment 191 9.7.2 Assessment of Tissue Growth In Vivo 191 9.7.3 Assessment of Tissue Anisotropy and Dynamics 193 9.7.3.1 Assessment of Macromolecule Composition 194 9.7.3.2 Assessment of Tissue Anisotropy 198 9.8 Summary and Future Directions 199 References 200 10 Emerging Techniques for Tendon and Ligament MRI 209; Braden C. Fleming, Alison M. Biercevicz, Martha M. Murray, Weiguo Li, and Vincent M. Wang 10.1 Tendon and Ligament Structure, Function, Injury, and Healing 209 10.2 MRI Studies of Tendon and Ligament Healing 211 10.3 MRI and Contrast Mechanisms 219 10.3.1 Conventional MRI Techniques 219 10.3.2 Advanced MR Techniques 222 10.4 Significance and Conclusion 228 A
• Publisher Details: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons Inc
• Publication Date: 2017
• Extent: 1 online resource, illustrations
• Subjects: 616.07548; Tissue engineering; Magnetic resonance imaging; HEALTH & FITNESS / Diseases / General; MEDICAL / Clinical Medicine; MEDICAL / Diseases; MEDICAL / Evidence-Based Medicine; MEDICAL / Internal Medicine; Electronic books
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781119193227; 1119193222; 9781119193234; 1119193230; 9781119193272; 1119193273
• Related ISBNs: 9781119193357
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on March 10, 2017).
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.