Line loss analysis and calculation of electrical power system. (2015)

• Record Type: Book
• Uniform Title: Line Loss in Electric Power System
• Further Information: Note: Anguan Wu, Baoshan Ni.
• Authors: Wu, Anguan; Ni, Baoshan
• Contents: Introduction xiii Preface xv Foreword xix 1 Overview 1 1.1 Active Power Loss and Electric Energy Loss 1 1.1.1 Main Types of Active Power Loss 1 1.1.2 Calculation of Electric Energy Loss 2 1.1.3 Electricity Line Loss and Line Loss Rate 3 1.1.4 Calculation and Analysis of Line Loss 5 1.2 Calculation of AC Resistance 7 1.3 Influence of Temperature and Voltage Changes on Line Loss in the Measuring Period 7 1.3.1 Influence of Temperature Change on Line Loss in the Measuring Period 7 1.3.2 Influence of Voltage Change on Line Loss in the Measuring Period 9 1.4 Influence of Load Curve Shape on Line Loss 10 1.4.1 Load Curve and Load Duration Curve 10 1.4.2 Parameters of Characterization Load Curve 12 1.4.3 Relationship between Loss Factor and Load Factor 15 1.5 Influence of Load Power Factor and Load Distribution on Line Loss 16 1.5.1 Influence of Load Power Factor 16 1.5.2 Influence of Load Distribution of Multi-Branch Line 17 1.6 Influence of Measuring Instrument Error on Line Loss 18 1.6.1 Composition of Electric Energy Metering System and Constitution of Metering Error 18 1.6.2 Composition of Electronic Watt-Hour Meter Error 18 1.6.3 Influence of Metering System Error on the Calculation of Line Loss Rate 19 2 Calculation of Line Loss by Current Load Curve 21 2.1 RMS Current Method and Loss Factor Method 21 2.1.1 RMS Current Method 21 2.1.2 Loss Factor Method 22 2.1.3 Other Calculation Methods 22 2.2 Derivation of Functional Relationship F( f ) by Ideal Load Curve 23 2.2.1 Derivation of F( f ) Formula by Ideal Load Curve with Two Variables 23 2.2.2 Derivation of F( f ) Curve by Ideal Load Curve with Four Variables 26 2.3 Derivation of Approximate Formula of F( f ) by Statistical Mathematical Method 28 2.3.1 Binomial Approximate Formula of F( f) 29 2.3.2 Trinomial Approximate Formula of F( f) 30 2.3.3 Approximate Formula of Family of F( f ) Curves with Four Variables 30 2.4 Derivation of F( f ) Formula by Mathematical Analysis Method 31 2.4.1 Direct Integration Method 31 2.4.2 Subsection Integration Method 32 3 Probability Theory Analysis of Current Load Curve 33 3.1 Probability Meanings of Load Curve and Its Parameters 33 3.1.1 Probability Meaning of Load Duration Curve 33 3.1.2 Probability Meanings of Minimum Load Rate and Load Rate 34 3.1.3 Barth Formula of Loss Factor 35 3.2 Analysis of Rossander Formula as Distribution Function 35 3.2.1 Rossander Formula of Load Duration Curve 35 3.2.2 Exponential Distribution Function 36 3.2.3 Derivation of Loss Factor Formula 37 3.2.4 Comparison of Direct Integration Method and Distribution Function Analysis Method 40 3.3 Comparison of Various Loss Factor Formulas 40 3.3.1 Loss Factor Formula Comparison Procedures Prepared by Monte Carlo Method 41 3.3.2 Comparison Results of Various Loss Factor Formulas 41 3.4 Three-Mode Division of Active Load Duration Curve 42 3.4.1 Three Modes of Load Management in the Electric Power System 42 3.4.2 Differences and Relations of the Three Operation Modes 43 3.4.3 Probability Division of Three Operation Modes 43 4 Calculation of Line Loss by Power Load Curve 49 4.1 Line Loss Calculation Considering Power Factor 49 4.1.1 The Maximum Apparent Power is Caused by the Maximum Active Power 49 4.1.2 The Maximum Apparent Power is Caused by the Maximum Reactive Power 50 4.2 Maximum Load Power Factor Method of Tröger 51 4.3 Annual Average Power Factor Method of Glazynov 51 4.4 Equivalent Load Curve Method 53 4.4.1 Equivalent Load Curve Method of Cweink 53 4.4.2 Improvement and Extension of the Cweink Method 54 4.4.3 Equal Time Equivalent Load Curve Method 55 4.4.4 Unequal Time Equivalent Load Curve Method 57 4.5 Analysis of Errors of Various Line Loss Calculation Methods 64 4.5.1 Analysis of Relative Error in Line Loss Calculated by rms Current Method 64 4.5.2 Analysis of Relative Error in Line Loss Calculated by Loss Factor Method 66 5 Line Loss Calculation after Reactive Compensation 69 5.1 Calculation of Load Curve Parameters after Reactive Compensation 69 5.1.1 Calculation of Reactive Load Curve Parameters at Under-Compensation 69 5.1.2 Calculation of Reactive Load Curve Parameters at Weak Over-Compensation 70 5.1.3 Calculation of Reactive Load Curve Parameters at Strong Over-Compensation 72 5.2 Calculation of Loss Reduction Effect of Reactive Compensation 72 5.2.1 Calculation of Compensation Effect at High Natural Power Factor 73 5.2.2 Calculation of Reactive Compensation Effect at Low Natural Power Factor 75 5.3 Calculation Curves of Annual Electric Energy Losses for Power Grid Planning and Design 79 5.3.1 Calculation Curves of Annual Electric Energy Losses of 35–110 kV Transmission Lines 79 5.3.2 Calculation Curves of Annual Electric Energy Losses of 220 kV Transmission Lines 81 5.3.3 Calculation Curves of Annual Electric Energy Losses of Agricultural Electric Lines Consuming Electricity on a Quarterly Basis 82 6 Change Law for the Electric Energy Losses of Power Grids 87 6.1 Basis of Analysis of Line Loss Changes 87 6.1.1 Line Loss Binomial 87 6.1.2 Condition of Minimum Line Loss Rate 88 6.2 Calculation and Analysis of No-load Loss 89 6.2.1 Higher-Order Expression 89 6.2.2 Square Expression 91 6.2.3 Quasi Square Expression 91 6.3 Calculation and Analysis of Load Loss Coefficient C 92 6.3.1 Calculation of Load Loss Coefficient 92 6.3.2 Inclusion of Load Loss Coefficient 94 6.4 Determination of Voltage Level by Loss Reduction Requirement 105 6.4.1 Voltage Characteristics of Various Loads and Comprehensive Loads of Distribution Lines 105 6.4.2 Control of Voltage Level and Reduction of Electric Energy Loss 106 7 Analysis and Control of Line Loss Rate Indicators of Power Grids 109 7.1 Analysis of Line Loss Rate Composition 109 7.1.1 Line Loss Rates and Total Line Loss Rate of Different Voltage Grids 109 7.1.2 No-load Line Loss Rate and Load Line Loss Rate 110 7.2 Analysis of Influence of Grid Electric Supply Structure on Line Loss Rate 113 7.2.1 Repeated Electric Supply Rate 113 7.2.2 Calculation of Loss Reduction Effect of Reducing Repeated Electric Supply Rate 115 7.3 Analysis of Power Sales Quantity Composition 117 7.3.1 Influence of Power Sales Quantity without Loss or Power Sales Quantity with Loss on Line Loss Rate 117 7.3.2 Calculation of Influence of Transit Electric Supply on Line Loss Rate 119 7.4 Multiple-factor Analysis of Changes in Electricity Line Losses 122 7.4.1 Loss Structure Coefficient and Electricity Line Loss Increase Rate Function 122 7.4.2 Loss Structure Function and Calculation of Increase in Electricity Line Losses 125 7.5 Marginal Line Loss Rate and Optimal Distribution of Increase in Electric Supply 126 7.5.1 Marginal Line Loss Rate 126 7.5.2 Optimal Distribution of Increase in Electric Supply 126 8 Theoretical Calculation of Electric Energy Losses of Power Grid Units 131 8.1 Classification of Electric Energy Losses 131 8.1.1 Classification of Electric Energy Losses by Whether Theoretical Calculation is Feasible 131 8.1.2 Classification of Calculable Technical Losses by Change Law 131 8.1.3 Classification of Electric Energy Losses by Different Power Grid Units 131 8.2 Calculation of Electric Energy Losses of Overhead Lines 132 8.2.1 Calculation of Corona Losses of Power Transmission Lines 132 8.2.2 Calculation of Resistance Heat Losses of Overhead Lines 136 8.2.3 Calculation of Electric Energy Losses of Low-voltage Lines 137 8.3 Calculation of Electric Energy Losses of Cable Lines 141 8.3.1 Calculation of No-load Losses (Dielectric Losses in Insulating Layers) of Cable Lines 141</p&gt
• Edition: Second edition
• Publisher Details: Singapore Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons Singapore
• Publication Date: 2015
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 621.319/34; Electric power systems -- Electric losses -- Mathematical models; Electric power systems -- Load dispatching -- Mathematics; Electric lines; Electric resistance; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Mechanical; Electronic books
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781118867259; 1118867254; 9781118867235; 1118867238; 1118867092; 9781118867099
• Related ISBNs: 9781118867099
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher.
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