Integrated forest biorefineries : challenges and opportunities /: challenges and opportunities. (2013)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Edited by Lew Christopher.
• Other Names: Christopher, Lew
• Contents: Machine generated contents note: ch. 1 Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Current State and Development Potential / Lew P. Christopher -- 1.1. Introduction -- 1.2. Integrated Forest Biorefineries -- 1.2.1. Hemicellulose Platform -- 1.2.1.1. Hemicellulose Composition and Structure -- 1.2.1.2. Fate of Hemicellulose during Pulping -- 1.2.1.3. Hemicellulose Extraction -- 1.2.1.4. Bioproducts from Hemicellulose -- 1.2.1.5. Hemicellulose-Based Biorefinery -- 1.2.2. Lignin Platform -- 1.2.2.1. Lignin Composition and Structure -- 1.2.2.2. Fate of Lignin during Pulping -- 1.2.2.3. Bioproducts from Lignin -- 1.2.3. Extractives Platform -- 1.2.3.1.Composition, Classification and Properties of Extractives -- 1.2.3.2. Fate of Extractives during Pulping and Bleaching -- 1.3. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- ch. 2 Economic and Policy Aspects of Integrated Forest Biorefineries / Jianbang Gan -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Traditional Forest Products Sector. Contents note continued: 2.2.1. Conditions and Outlook of Forest Products Markets -- 2.2.2. Supply Chains of Traditional Forest Products -- 2.3. Integrated Forest Biorefineries (IFBRs) -- 2.3.1. Supply Chains of IFBRs -- 2.3.2. Key Economic Aspects of IFBRs -- 2.3.2.1. End-Product Portfolio -- 2.3.2.2. Feedstock Choices -- 2.3.2.3. Logistics and Conversion Technologies -- 2.3.2.4. Siting and Size of IFBRs -- 2.4.A. Decision Support Model for IFBRs -- 2.5. Policy Aspects of IFBRs -- 2.5.1. Major Barriers to IFBR Development and Deployment -- 2.5.2. Policy for Enhancing IFBR Development and Deployment -- 2.6. Summary and Discussion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- ch. 3 Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Sustainability Considerations for Forest Biomass Feedstocks / Virginia H. Dale -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Background -- 3.3.U.S. Sustainability Frameworks and Policy -- 3.4. International Sustainability Frameworks and Policy -- 3.5. Sustainability Topics to Watch -- Acknowledgements. Contents note continued: References -- ch. 4 Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Product-Based Economic Factors / Michael A. Behrens -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Biorefinery Operational Parameters -- 4.3. Hydrolysis Yield Impact on Economic Models -- 4.4. Benefits of Product-Driven Operational Parameters -- 4.5. Value of Residues -- 4.6. Thermochemical Options -- 4.7. Integrated Processing -- 4.8. Conclusion -- References -- ch. 5 Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Industrial Sustainability / Emmanuel Kofi Ackom -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Industrial Sustainability: An Overview -- 5.3. Integrated Forest Biorefinery: An Overview -- 5.3.1. Retrofitting Pulp and Paper Mills into Integrated Forest Biorefineries -- 5.3.2. Integrated Forest Biorefinery with Industrial Sustainability Applications: A Case Study on Tembec Temiscaming -- 5.4. Opportunities in Industrial Sustainability for Integrated Forest Biorefinery: A Case Study -- 5.4.1. Environmental Policy -- 5.4.2. Raw Material Sourcing. Contents note continued: 5.4.3. Manufacturing -- 5.4.4. Environmentally Benign Management of Waste Effluent and Reutilization -- 5.4.5. End-of-Life Management of Products -- 5.4.6. Socioeconomic Aspects -- 5.5. Challenges: Industrial Sustainability of Integrated Forest Biorefinery -- 5.5.1. Environmental Sustainability Issues Related to Feedstock -- 5.5.1.1. Greenhouse-Gas Emissions (Direct and Indirect) -- 5.5.1.2. Energy -- 5.5.1.3. Land for Food, Fuel and Fiber -- 5.5.1.4. Water -- 5.5.1.5. Biodiversity -- 5.5.1.6. Socioeconomic Aspects -- 5.5.2. Research and Development -- 5.5.3. Logistics -- 5.5.4. Investment -- 5.5.5.Competition with Other Industries for Feedstock -- 5.5.6. Processing -- 5.5.7. End-of-Life Legislations for New Products -- 5.6. Policy Intervention: Improving Competitiveness of Integrated Forest Biorefinery Through Industrial Sustainability -- 5.7. Conclusions -- References -- ch. 6 Prehydrolysis Pulping with Fermentation Coproducts / T.W. Jeffries. Contents note continued: 6.1. Introduction and Background -- 6.2. Prehydrolysis Thermomechanical Pulping -- 6.2.1. Experimental Prehydrolysis-TMP -- 6.2.2. Experimental Fermentation of Hydrolysate Sugars -- 6.2.3. Modeling Prehydrolysis-TMP and Fermentation Process Concept -- 6.3. Summary and Path Forward -- References -- ch. 7 Niche Position and Opportunities for Woody Biomass Conversion / Joel R. Howard -- 7.1. The "Business" of Transforming Plant Biomass for Human Use -- 7.2. The Science Behind the Technology: Woody Biomass Conversions -- 7.3. Pretreatment Processes -- 7.3.1. Acid Pretreatment -- 7.3.2. Alkaline Pretreatment -- 7.3.3. Steam Explosion Pretreatment -- 7.3.4. Ammonia Fiber Explosion Pretreatment (AFEX) -- 7.3.5. Hydrothermal Pretreatment -- 7.4. Bringing the Science to Commerce: ABS Process[&#x;] Biorefinery Technology -- 7.5. Output Products from the ABS Process[&#x;] -- 7.5.1. Products from Extracted Wood and Nonfood Agricultural Materials. Contents note continued: 7.5.2. Products from Extracted Sugars -- 7.5.3. Chemicals and Materials -- 7.5.4. Insol Fraction -- 7.5.5. Sol Fraction -- 7.6. Summary -- References -- ch. 8 Lignin Recovery and Lignin-Based Products / Birgit Backlund -- 8.1. Lignin Sources -- 8.1.1. Sources in Nature -- 8.1.2. Industrial Sources -- 8.2. Lignin Production and Process Integration -- 8.2.1. Lignins from Alkaline Pulping -- 8.2.1.1. Lignin Removal from Pulping Liquors -- 8.2.1.2. Analytical Data on Kraft and Soda Lignins -- 8.2.1.3. Process Integration and System Aspects -- 8.2.2. Lignin from Sulfite Pulping -- 8.2.2.1. Analytical Data on Sulfite Lignins -- 8.2.3. Lignin from Other Liquors -- 8.3. Lignin Upgrading and Products -- 8.3.1. Situation Today -- 8.3.2. Applications for Polymeric Lignin -- 8.3.2.1. Carbon Fibers -- 8.3.2.2. Activated Carbon -- 8.3.2.3. Polyurethanes -- 8.3.2.4. Adhesives -- 8.3.2.5.Complexing Agents -- 8.3.3. Applications for Monomeric Lignin -- 8.3.3.1. Phenols. Contents note continued: 8.3.3.2. Other Aromatics -- 8.3.4. Fuel Applications -- 8.3.4.1. Kraft Lignin Pellets and Kraft Lignin as Additive in Biofuel Pellets -- 8.3.4.2. Kraft Lignin Fuel Slurry -- 8.3.4.3. Experiences from Large-Scale Boiler Trials -- References -- ch. 9 Integrated Forest Biorefineries: Gasification and Pyrolysis for Fuel and Power Production / Steven Taylor -- 9.1. Biomass Gasification -- 9.1.1. Biomass Characterization -- 9.1.2. Gasifier Types and Processes -- 9.1.3. Chemical Reactions in the Gasification Process -- 9.1.4. Effect of Various Parameters in the Gasification Process -- 9.1.4.1. Moisture Content -- 9.1.4.2. Equivalence Ratio -- 9.1.4.3. Temperature -- 9.1.4.4. Biomass Type -- 9.1.4.5. Particle Size -- 9.1.4.6. Pressure -- 9.1.4.7. Gasification Medium -- 9.1.4.8. Bed Materials -- 9.1.5. Gasification of Black Liquor -- 9.1.6. Use of Producer Gas for Power and Fuels -- 9.2. Fast Pyrolysis -- 9.2.1. Pyrolysis Reactor Configurations -- 9.2.1.1. Bubbling-Fluidized Bed. Contents note continued: 9.2.1.2. Circulating-Fluidized Bed -- 9.2.1.3. Rotating-Cone Pyrolyzer -- 9.2.1.4. Ablative Pyrolysis -- 9.2.1.5. Vacuum Pyrolysis -- 9.2.1.6. Auger Reactor -- 9.2.2. Pyrolysis Mechanism and Pathways -- 9.2.3. Bio-Oil Properties -- 9.2.4. Bio-Oil Applications -- 9.2.4.1.Combustion -- 9.2.4.2. Transportation Fuels -- 9.2.4.3. Chemicals -- 9.2.5. Bio-Oil Upgrading -- 9.2.5.1. Hydrotreating -- 9.2.5.2. Catalytic Cracking -- 9.2.5.3. Catalytic Pyrolysis -- 9.2.6. Pyrolysis of Lignin -- 9.2.7. Economical Analysis -- References -- ch. 10 Biohydrogen Production from Cellulosic Biomass / Pin-Ching Maness -- 10.1. Biohydrogen -- 10.1.1. Dark Fermentative Hydrogen Production -- 10.1.2. Hydrogenase Enzymes -- 10.1.2.1.[FeFe]-Hydrogenases -- 10.1.2.2.[NiFe]-Hydrogenases -- 10.2. Thermodynamic Considerations -- 10.3. Hydrogen Yields from Lignocellulosic Biomass -- 10.3.1. Biohydrogen from Hydrolyzed Cellulose -- 10.3.2. Biohydrogen from Direct Cellulose Fermentation. Contents note continued: 10.4. Process Engineering for Fermentation -- 10.4.1. Single-Phase Fermentation Reactions -- 10.4.2. Two-Phase Systems -- 10.4.2.1. Dark Fermentation Followed by Photofermentation -- 10.4.2.2. Dark Fermentation Followed by Electrohydrogenesis -- References -- ch. 11 Integrated Technology for Biobased Composites / Theodore H. Wegner -- 11.1. Introduction -- 11.2. Conventional Biobased Composite Materials -- 11.2.1.Composite Elements -- 11.2.2. Adhesives -- 11.2.3. Additives -- 11.2.4. Products -- 11.2.4.1. Oriented Strandboard -- 11.2.4.2. Plywood -- 11.2.4.3. Structural Composite Lumber and Timber Products -- 11.2.4.4. Particleboard -- 11.2.4.5. Fiberboard -- 11.2.4.6. Cellulosic Board -- 11.3. Wood-Nonwood Composite Materials -- 11.3.1. Inorganic-Bonded Composite Materials -- 11.3.2. Wood-Thermoplastic Composite Materials -- References.
• Publisher Details: Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry
• Publication Date: 2013
• Extent: 1 online resource (xiii, 313 pages), illustrations
• Subjects: 668; SCIENCE / Chemistry / Industrial & Technical; Wood distillation; Biomass energy -- Refining; TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING -- Chemical & Biochemical; Forest biomass; Forestry biotechnology; SCIENCE / Environmental Science (see also Chemistry / Environmental); Chemistry; Sustainability; Electronic books; Electronic books
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781849735063; 1849735069
• Related ISBNs: 9781849733212
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.