The Human Microbiota and Chronic Disease : Dysbiosis as a Cause of Human Pathology /: Dysbiosis as a Cause of Human Pathology. (2016)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Luigi Nibali, Brian Henderson.
• Authors: Nibali, Luigi; Henderson, Brian
• Contents: List of contributors, xvii; Preface, xxi Section 1 An introduction to the human tissue microbiome, 1; 1 The human microbiota: an historical perspective, 3; Mike Wilson; 1.1 Introduction: the discovery of the human microbiota: why do we care?, 3; 1.2 The importance of the indigenous microbiota in health and disease, 3; 1.2.1 The indigenous microbiota and human disease, 4; 1.2.2 The indigenous microbiota and human health, 4; 1.3 The development of technologies for characterising the indigenous microbiota, 8; 1.3.1 Light microscopy, 9; 1.3.2 Electron microscopy, 11; 1.3.3 Culture?]based approaches to microbial community analysis, 12; 1.4 Culture?]independent approaches to microbial community analysis, 29; 1.5 Determination of microbial community functions, 31; 1.6 Closing remarks, 32; Take?]home message, 32; References, 33; 2 An introduction to microbial dysbiosis, 37; Mike Curtis; 2.1 Definition of dysbiosis, 37; 2.2 The ‘normal’ microbiota, 38; 2.3 Main features of dysbiosis, 45; 2.4 Conclusions, 49; Take?]home message, 53; Acknowledgment, 53; References, 53; 3 The gut microbiota: an integrated interactive system, 55; Hervé M. Blottière and Joël Doré; 3.1 Introduction, 55; 3.2 Who is there, how is it composed?, 56; 3.3 A system in interaction with food, 58; 3.4 A system highly impacted by the host, 61; 3.5 A system in interaction with human cells, 62; 3.6 Conclusion: an intriguing integrated interactive system deserving further study, 63; Take?]home message, 63; References, 63; 4 The oral microbiota, 67; W. G. Wade; 4.1 Introduction, 67; 4.2 Composition of the oral microbiome, 68; 4.2.1 Archaea, 68; 4.2.2 Fungi, 68; 4.2.3 Protozoa, 68; 4.2.4 Viruses, 69; 4.2.5 Bacteria, 69; 4.3 The oral microbiota in health, 71; 4.3.1 Evolution of the oral microbiota, 71; 4.3.2 Role of oral bacteria in health, 72; 4.4 Role of oral microbiome in disease, 73; 4.4.1 Dental caries, 73; 4.4.2 Gingivitis, 74; 4.4.3 Oral bacteria and non?]oral disease, 74; 4.5 Future outlook, 75; Take?]home message, 75; References, 76; 5 The skin microbiota, 81; P.L.J.M. Zeeuwen and J. Schalkwijk; 5.1 Normal skin, 81; 5.2 Skin diseases, 83; 5.2.1 Atopic dermatitis, 83; 5.2.2 Psoriasis, 84; 5.2.3 Acne, 85; 5.2.4 Rosacea, 85; 5.2.5 Seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff, 86; 5.2.6 Primary immunodeficiencies, 86; 5.3 Experimental studies, 87; 5.4 Dynamics of the skin microbiome, 87; 5.5 Axillary skin microbiome transplantation, 89; 5.6 Mouse skin microbiome studies, 89; 5.7 Concluding remarks, 90; Take?]home message, 90; References, 90; 6 Metagenomic analysis of the human microbiome, 95; Luis G. Bermúdez?]Humarán; 6.1 Introduction, 95; 6.2 The human microbiome, 96; 6.3 Changes in microbiota composition during host life cycles, 97; 6.4 The human microbiome and the environment, 98; 6.5 Disease and health implications of microbiome, 99; 6.5.1 The skin microbiota, 99; 6.5.2 The airway microbiome, 99; 6.5.3 Vaginal microbiome, 100; 6.5.4 Gut microbiota and disease, 101; 6.5.5 Metabolic disorders (obesity/diabetes), 103; 6.6 Conclusions, 105; Take?]home message, 105; References, 106; Section 2 ; Microbiota-microbiota and microbiota-host interactions in health and disease, 113; 7 Systems biology of bacteria?]host interactions, 115; Almut Heinken, Dmitry A. Ravcheev and Ines Thiele; 7.1 Introduction, 115; 7.2 Computational analysis of host?]microbe interactions, 118; 7.2.1 Analysis of metagenomic data, 118; 7.2.2 Metabolic reconstruction through comparative genomics, 119; 7.3 Network?]based modeling, 121; 7.3.1 Topological network modeling, 121; 7.3.2 Constraint?]based modeling, 123; 7.3.3 Metabolic reconstructions of human metabolism, 124; 7.3.4 Constraint?]based modeling of host?]microbe interactions, 124; 7.4 Other computational modeling approaches, 127; 7.4.1 Ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, 127; 7.4.2 Kinetic modeling, 128; 7.5 Conclusion, 129; Take?]home message, 130; Acknowledgments, 130; References, 131; 8 Bacterial biofilm formation and immune evasion mechanisms, 139; Jessica Snowden; 8.1 Introduction, 139; 8.2 Biofilms in human disease, 139; 8.3 Biofilm formation, 141; 8.4 Immune responses to biofilms, 143; 8.4.1 Innate immune responses, 144; 8.4.2 Adaptive immune responses, 146; 8.4.3 Fibroblasts, epithelial cells and other immune responses, 147; 8.5 Biofilm immune evasion strategies, 147; 8.6 Vaccines and biofilm therapeutics, 148; 8.7 Conclusions, 149; Take?]home message, 149; References, 150; 9 Co?]evolution of microbes and immunity and its consequences; for modern?]day life, 155; Markus B. Geuking; 9.1 Introduction, 155; 9.2 Symbiosis in eukaryotic evolution, 156; 9.3 Evolution of the (innate and adaptive) immune system, 157; 9.3.1 Immune proteins, 157; 9.3.2 Evolution of adaptive immunity, 158; 9.3.3 Two separate adaptive immune systems evolved, 158; 9.4 Hygiene hypothesis, 159; 9.5 What drives the composition of the microbiota?, 160; 9.6 The pace of evolution, 161; Take?]home message, 162; References, 162; 10 How viruses and bacteria have shaped the human genome: the implications for disease, 165; Frank Ryan; 10.1 Genetic symbiosis, 165; 10.2 Mitochondria: symbiogenesis in the human, 167; 10.3 Virus symbiogenesis, 169; 10.4 HERV proteins, 172; Take?]home message, 174; References, 174; 11 The microbiota as an epigenetic control mechanism, 179; Boris A. Shenderov; 11.1 Introduction, 179; 11.2 Background on epigenetics and epigenomic programming/reprograming, 180; 11.3 Epigenomics and link with energy metabolism, 184; 11.4 The microbiota as a potential epigenetic modifier, 185; 11.5 ; Epigenetic control of the host genes by pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms, 188; 11.6 Epigenetic control of the host genes by indigenous (probiotic) microorganisms, 189; 11.7 Concluding remarks and future directions, 191; Take? home message, 193; References, 193; 12 The emerging role of propionibacteria in human health; and disease, 199; Holger Brüggemann; 12.1 Introduction, 199; 12.2 Microbiological features of propionibacteria, 199; 12.3 Population structure of P. acnes, 201; 12.4 Propionibacteria as indigenous probiotics of the skin, 202; 12.5 Propionibacteria as opportunistic pathogens, 203; 12.6 Host interacting traits and factors of propionibacteria, 205; 12.7 Host responses to P. acnes, 206; 12.7.1 Innate immune responses, 206; 12.7.2 Adaptive immune responses, 207; 12.7.3 Host cell tropism of P. acnes, 208; 12.8 Propionibacterium?]specific bacteriophages, 208; 12.9 Concluding remarks, 209; Take? home message, 210; References, 210; Section 3 Dysbioses and bacterial diseases: metchnikoff’s legacy, 215; 13 The periodontal diseases: microbial diseases or diseases of the host response?, 217; Luigi Nibali; 13.1 The tooth: a potential breach in the mucosal barrier, 217; 13.2 The periodontium from health to disease, 217; 13.3 Periodontitis: one of the most common human diseases, 219; 13.4 Periodontal treatment: a non?]specific biofilm disruption, 220; 13.5 Microbial etiology, 220; 13.6 The host response in periodontitis, 221; 13.7 Conclusions, 223; Take? home message, 223; References, 223; 14 The polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model of periodontal disease; pathogenesis, 227; George Hajishengallis and Richard J. Lamont; 14.1 Introduction, 227; 14.2 A (very) polymicrobial etiology of periodontitis, 229; 14.3 S
• Edition: 1st
• Publisher Details: Wiley-Blackwell
• Publication Date: 2016
• Extent: 1 online resource (544 pages)
• Subjects: 616.044
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781118982891
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
• Access Usage: Restricted: Printing from this resource is governed by The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK) and UK copyright law currently in force.