Chemical process design and integration. (2016)

• Record Type: Book
• Further Information: Note: Robin Smith.
• Authors: (Chemical engineer), Smith, Robin
• Contents: Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv Nomenclature xvii Chapter 1 The Nature of Chemical Process Design and Integration 1 ; 1.1 Chemical Products 1; 1.2 Formulation of the Design Problem 3; 1.3 Chemical Process Design and Integration 4; 1.4 The Hierarchy of Chemical Process Design and Integration 5; 1.5 Continuous and Batch Processes 9; 1.6 New Design and Retrofit 10; 1.7 Approaches to Chemical Process Design and Integration 11; 1.8 Process Control 13; 1.9 The Nature of Chemical Process Design and Integration – Summary 14 Chapter 2 Process Economics 17 ; 2.1 The Role of Process Economics 17; 2.2 Capital Cost for New Design 17; 2.3 Capital Cost for Retrofit 23; 2.4 Annualized Capital Cost 24; 2.5 Operating Cost 25; 2.6 Simple Economic Criteria 28; 2.7 Project Cash Flow and Economic Evaluation 29; 2.8 Investment Criteria 30; 2.9 Process Economics – Summary 31; 2.10 Exercises 32 Chapter 3 Optimization 35 ; 3.1 Objective Functions 35; 3.2 Single-variable Optimization 37; 3.3 Multivariable Optimization 38; 3.4 Constrained Optimization 42; 3.5 Linear Programming 43; 3.6 Nonlinear Programming 45; 3.7 Profile Optimization 46; 3.8 Structural Optimization 48; 3.9 Solution of Equations using Optimization 52; 3.10 The Search for Global Optimality 53; 3.11 Summary – Optimization 54; 3.12 Exercises 54 Chapter 4 Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Equilibrium 57 ; 4.1 Equations of State 57; 4.2 Phase Equilibrium for Single Components 59; 4.3 Fugacity and Phase Equilibrium 60; 4.4 Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium 60; 4.5 Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Based on Activity Coefficient Models 62; 4.6 Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium Based on Equations of State 64; 4.7 Calculation of Vapor–Liquid Equilibrium 64; 4.8 Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium 70; 4.9 Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Activity Coefficient Models 71; 4.10 Calculation of Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium 71; 4.11 Calculation of Enthalpy 72; 4.12 Calculation of Entropy 74; 4.13 Phase Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Properties – Summary 74; 4.14 Exercises 74 Chapter 5 Choice of Reactor I – Reactor Performance 77 ; 5.1 Reaction Path 77; 5.2 Types of Reaction Systems 78; 5.3 Reactor Performance 81; 5.4 Rate of Reaction 82; 5.5 Idealized Reactor Models 83; 5.6 Choice of Idealized Reactor Model 90; 5.7 Choice of Reactor Performance 94; 5.8 Choice of Reactor Performance – Summary 94; 5.9 Exercises 95 Chapter 6 Choice of Reactor II - Reactor Conditions 97 ; 6.1 Reaction Equilibrium 97; 6.2 Reactor Temperature 100; 6.3 Reactor Pressure 107; 6.4 Reactor Phase 108; 6.5 Reactor Concentration 109; 6.6 Biochemical Reactions 114; 6.7 Catalysts 114; 6.8 Choice of Reactor Conditions – Summary 117; 6.9 Exercises 118 Chapter 7 Choice of Reactor III – Reactor Configuration 121 ; 7.1 Temperature Control 121; 7.2 Catalyst Degradation 123; 7.3 Gas–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Reactors 124; 7.4 Reactor Configuration 127; 7.5 Reactor Configuration for Heterogeneous Solid-Catalyzed Reactions 133; 7.6 Reactor Configuration from Optimization of a Superstructure 133; 7.7 Choice of Reactor Configuration – Summary 139; 7.8 Exercises 139 Chapter 8 Choice of Separator for Heterogeneous Mixtures 143 ; 8.1 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Separation 143; 8.2 Settling and Sedimentation 143; 8.3 Inertial and Centrifugal Separation 147; 8.4 Electrostatic Precipitation 149; 8.5 Filtration 150; 8.6 Scrubbing 151; 8.7 Flotation 152; 8.8 Drying 153; 8.9 Separation of Heterogeneous Mixtures – Summary 154; 8.10 Exercises 154 Chapter 9 Choice of Separator for Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures I – Distillation 157 ; 9.1 Single-Stage Separation 157; 9.2 Distillation 157; 9.3 Binary Distillation 160; 9.4 Total and Minimum Reflux Conditions for Multicomponent Mixtures 163; 9.5 Finite Reflux Conditions for Multicomponent Mixtures 170; 9.6 Choice of Operating Conditions 175; 9.7 Limitations of Distillation 176; 9.8 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures by Distillation – Summary 177; 9.9 Exercises 178 Chapter 10 Choice of Separator for Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures II – Other Methods 181 ; 10.1 Absorption and Stripping 181; 10.2 Liquid–Liquid Extraction 184; 10.3 Adsorption 189; 10.4 Membranes 193; 10.5 Crystallization 203; 10.6 Evaporation 206; 10.7 Separation of Homogeneous Fluid Mixtures by Other Methods – Summary 208; 10.8 Exercises 209 Chapter 11 Distillation Sequencing 211 ; 11.1 Distillation Sequencing Using Simple Columns 211; 11.2 Practical Constraints Restricting Options 211; 11.3 Choice of Sequence for Simple Nonintegrated Distillation Columns 212; 11.4 Distillation Sequencing Using Columns With More Than Two Products 217; 11.5 Distillation Sequencing Using Thermal Coupling 220; 11.6 Retrofit of Distillation Sequences 224; 11.7 Crude Oil Distillation 225; 11.8 Distillation Sequencing Using Optimization of a Superstructure 228; 11.9 Distillation Sequencing – Summary 230; 11.10 Exercises 231 Chapter 12 Distillation Sequencing for Azeotropic Distillation 235 ; 12.1 Azeotropic Systems 235; 12.2 Change in Pressure 235; 12.3 Representation of Azeotropic Distillation 236; 12.4 Distillation at Total Reflux Conditions 238; 12.5 Distillation at Minimum Reflux Conditions 242; 12.6 Distillation at Finite Reflux Conditions 243; 12.7 Distillation Sequencing Using an Entrainer 246; 12.8 Heterogeneous Azeotropic Distillation 251; 12.9 Entrainer Selection 253; 12.10 Trade-offs in Azeotropic Distillation 255; 12.11 Multicomponent Systems 255; 12.12 Membrane Separation 255; 12.13 Distillation Sequencing for Azeotropic Distillation – Summary 256; 12.14 Exercises 257 Chapter 13 Reaction, Separation and Recycle Systems for Continuous Processes 259 ; 13.1 The Function of Process Recycles 259; 13.2 Recycles with Purges 264; 13.3 Pumping and Compression 267; 13.4 Simulation of Recycles 276; 13.5 The Process Yield 280; 13.6 Optimization of Reactor Conversion 281; 13.7 Optimization of Processes Involving a Purge 283; 13.8 Hybrid Reaction and Separation 284; 13.9 Feed, Product and Intermediate Storage 286; 13.10 Reaction, Separation and Recycle Systems for Continuous Processes – Summary 288; 13.11 Exercises 289 Chapter 14 Reaction, Separation and Recycle Systems for Batch Processes 291 ; 14.1 Batch Processes 291; 14.2 Batch Reactors 291; 14.3 Batch Separation Processes 297; 14.4 Gantt Charts 303; 14.5 Production Schedules for Single Products 304; 14.6 Production Schedules for Multiple Products 305; 14.7 Equipment Cleaning and Material Transfer 306; 14.8 Synthesis of Reaction and Separation Systems for Batch Processes 307; 14.9 Optimization of Batch Processes 311; 14.10 Storage in Batch Processes 312; 14.11 Reaction and Separation Systems for Batch Processes – Summary 313; 14.12 Exercises 313 Chapter 15 Heat Exchanger Networks I – Heat Transfer Equipment 317 ; 15.1 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients 317; 15.2 Heat Transfer Coefficients and Pressure Drops for Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 319; 15.3 Temperature Differences in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 324; 15.4 Allocation of Fluids in Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 329; 15.5 Extended Surface Tubes 332; 15.6 Retrofit of Heat Exchangers 333; 15.7 Condensers 337; 15.8 Reboilers and Vaporizers 342; 15.9 Other Types of Heat Exchange Equipment 346; 15.10 Fired Heaters 348; 15.11 Heat Transfer Equipment – Summary 354; 15.12 Exercises 354 Chapter 16 Heat Exchanger Networks II – Energy Targets 357 ; 16.1 Composite Curves 357; 16.2 The Heat Recovery Pinch 361; 16.3 Threshold Problems 364; 16.4 The Problem Table Algorithm 365; 16.5 Nonglobal Minimum Temperature Differences 370; 16.6 Process Constraints 370; 16.7 Ut
• Edition: 2nd edition
• Publisher Details: Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Publication Date: 2016
• Extent: 1 online resource
• Subjects: 660.2812; Chemical processes
• Languages: English
• ISBNs: 9781118699089; 9781118699096
• Related ISBNs: 9781119990130
• Notes: Note: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Note: Description based on CIP data; item not viewed.
• Access Rights: Legal Deposit; Only available on premises controlled by the deposit library and to one user at any one time; The Legal Deposit Libraries (Non-Print Works) Regulations (UK).
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